蓄电池
Chinese LABAT Man
电动自行车电池的失效模式研究
郭志刚，班涛伟，张峰博
（天能集团研究院，浙江长兴313100）
摘要：通过对电动自行车市场遥回电池进行解制分析，总结出引起电动自行车电池失效的主要原因，包括极板软化、腐蚀，端子漏酸等。进一步研完表明，电池的化成工艺对电池极板有很大的影响，过高的化成温度与充电量均能造成电池早期失效；板栅合金的成分对板栅的使用寿命电有很大的影响。此外，电池的端子烽接工艺和密封树脂与固化工艺的匹配度好均可改善端子的漏酸现象。关键词：电动自行车电池；早期失效；极板软化；板栅腐蚀；端子漏酸；化成温度
中图分类号：TM912.4
文献标识码：B
文章编号：1006-0847(2015)06-264-04
Researchonfailuremodesofelectricbicyclebatteries
GUO Zhi-gang, BAN Tao-wei, ZHANG Feng-bo
(The Academy of Tianneng Group, Changxing Zhejiang 313100, China)
Abstract: It was concluded that the failure reasons of electric bicycle batteries were plate softening grid corrosion, acid leakage at the point of terminal and so on by dissecting and analyzing the electric bicycle batteries which were returmed from the market, such as manufacturers, distributors and so on. The further study showed that the influence of formation process on the plates was great as both the excessive formation temperature and charge level can cause the premature failure; the composition of alloy may greatly affect the service life of the lead-acid batteries; moreover, the correct welding process of the terminal and the appropriate matching degree between epoxy resin sealant and curing procedure are beneficial to reduction in acid leakage.
Key words: electric bicycle battery; premature failure; positive plate softening; grid corrosion; acid leakage at the point of terminal; formation temperature
0前言
近几年电动自行车行业每年对铅酸蓄电池的需
求量在3亿只以上，2015年电动自行车用铅酸器电池市场需求将达到600亿元1]。考虑到对环境的
收稿日期：2015-04-22 264 2015 No.6 Vo1.52
影响，蓄电池生产厂家已放弃使用对环境危害较大的含镉合金"，开始采对环境友好的铅一钙一锡一铝合金[3-4]。使用该合金后，电池性能方面的问题也逐渐凸显出来了，由此引起的电池的退返率也有明显增高的趋势，给生产厂家、经销商和用户带来了诸多的不便。
本文将对铅一钙一锡一铝合金电池的早期失效模式进行统计分析，找出造成电池失效的设计和（或）生产工艺的原因，并寻求相应的改进措施来提高电池的使用寿命，降低电池的退返率。