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音乐治疗的现况与进展
鄂
丽1
音乐治疗是一门新兴的边缘学科。对其概念，国内外学者有着截然不同的看法。国外学者比较认同前美国音乐治疗协会主任Bruscia.K对音乐治疗的定义，邸音乐治疗是一个系统的干预过程。在这个过程中，音乐治疗师利用各种形式的音乐体验，以及在治疗中发展起来的、作为治疗动力的治疗关系来帮助治疗对象达到健康的目的。而我国的学者比较认同中央音乐学院张鸿懿教授对音乐治疗的定义，即音乐治疗以心理治疗的理论和方法为基础，运用音乐特有的生理、心理效应，使求治者在音乐治疗师的共同参与下，通过各种专门设计的音乐行为，经历音乐体验，达到消除心理障碍，恢复或增进心身健康的目的。
随着音乐治疗的发展，治疗方法也多种多样，总的来说
王庭槐！
·综述
有：①聆听法：通过聆听特定的音乐以调整人的身心，达到祛病健身的目的。根据发展阶段不同包括：超觉静坐法，音乐处方法，听讨论法，音乐想象等。（
②主动法：引导惠者直接参
加到音乐活动中去，以得到行为的改善，又称"参与式音乐治疗”，包括工娱疗法，参与性音乐疗法等。③即兴法：选择简单的打击乐器，由治疗师引导患者随心所欲地演奏，以对一些心理疾患进行治疗的一种方法，包括音乐心理剧；奥尔夫的即兴创作法和即兴创作评估等。
中山大学中山医学院，广东省广州市中山二路74号生理生化二楼，510080
作者简介：邵丽，女，硕士研究生收稿日期：20090105