
2013年12月,第19卷,第4期,561-573页 December2013,Vol.19,No.4,p.561573
高校地质学报
Geological Journal of China Universities
全球沉积盆地结构与构造演化背景
洲际经向超长构造剖面对比
李江海12,杨静懿12,程雅琳12,李维波1.2,周肖贝12 1.北京大学造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,地球与空间科学学院,北京100871
2.北京大学石油与天然气研究中心,北京100871
摘要:沉积盆地地层及其结构可记录盆地构造演化过程,而盆地演化则记录了不同历史时期的构造背景。为系统认识盆地构造演化及其演化背景,本文在全球构造理论指导下,收集全球上百个重要沉积盆地资料,编制了洲际超经向长剖面2条(1)印度一西伯利亚一北美一南美经向超长剖面(2)非洲东海岸一地中海一欧洲一北冰洋沿岸一西伯利亚一澳大利亚超长面。它们成为探讨沉积盆地结构特征、构造演化对比的重要基础,由此获得的主要认识包括:超长剖面是全球沉积盆地分类的基础,不同类型的沉积盆地有序并列。盆地构造演化和发育受控于板块构造边界作用以及基底沉降作用。不同的盆地类型在时间演化和空间分布具有密切成因联系。从板块边缘出发一般为大洋盆地、海沟、弧前盆地、弧后前陆盆地、前陆盆地、克拉通盆地、裂谷盆地、被动陆缘盆地。位于欧亚板块的各个盆地均受到阿尔单斯造山运动(喜马拉雅运动)影响,亚洲大陆盆地群发育及其后期改造受古亚洲、特提斯和西太平洋构造域控制。受板块边界作用影响,相同板块上的不同盆地群之间具有密切的构造一沉积联系和构造事件响应。全球油气最富集的巨型盆地主要出现于板块内部、远离挤压板块边界的环境下。
关键词:超长经向剖面;盆地结构;盆地演化;板块构造
中图分类号:P542
文献标识码:A
文章编号:10067493(2013)04-056113
StructureandEvolutionCharacteristicsof theGlobalSedimentaryBasins:
EvidencefromtheN-SLongProfiles
LI Jianghai'-2, YANG Jingyit2, CHENG Yalin'-2, LI Weibo1-2, ZHOU Xaobei1.2 1. The Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and
Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; 2. Institute of Oil and Gas, School of Earth and Space Sciences,
Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Abstract: Basin formation and its structure record basin tectonic evolution, which reflects the different periods of tectonic settings. As the development of the exploration in oil and gas, lots of seismic sections have been accumulated. This provides a large number of basic data for comparison of the characteristics of basins. Materials from hundreds of important sedimentary basins were collected to study the basin tectonic evolution and evolutionary background systematically based on the global structure theory. Two large scale profiles (thousands of km length) were drawn: IndiaSiberiaNorth AmericaSouth America large scale profile and AfricaMediterraneanEuropeArcticSiberiaAustralian large scale profile, the structures and evolution characteristics of the global sedimentary basins show that structure and evolution characteristics of different types of basins are controlled by plate tectonic evolution; Different types of sedimentary basins are orderly parallel to different continents such as
收稿日期:2013-0124;修回日期:201306-22
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2009CB219302)资助
作者篇介:李江海,男,博士,教授,从事全球构造与盆地方面的研究与教学;E-mail:jhli@pku.edu.cn