第52卷第14期 2016年7月
机械工程学报
JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DOI:10.3901/JME.2016.14.165
Vol.52 Jul.
动态气动载荷和构件振动对风力机气弹
特性的影响分析
莫文威
李德源注显能
张湘伟
（广东工业大学机电工程学院广州510006）
No.14 2016
摘要：通过建立气弹耦合分析模型，研究叶片、塔架等构件的耦合振动对叶根气弹载荷的影响以及在静、动态气动模型下的叶根和塔底气弹载荷的差异，采用“超级单元”模型，将叶片、塔架和主轴离散为通过转动较和弹簧、阻尼器连接的刚体系统，以反映这类构件较大的弹性变形和非线性振动。在叶素动量理论(Bladeclementmomentum，BEM)基础上，引入 Beddoes-Lesihman动态失速模型，以反映气动载荷的动态特性，应用计算多体动力学理论和风力机气动模型，建立受约束的风力机系统气弹耦合方程。算例以某5MW风力机为研究对象，通过施加不同的约束条件，研究风轮以外其他构件振动对叶根气弹载荷的影响：通过静、动态气动分析模型，考繁察叶根和塔底气弹载荷的动态耦合效应。分析表明，塔架、主轴等构件的运动会显著影响叶根的气弹载荷：叶片的动态失速特性也对叶根的气弹载荷和疲劳载荷谱有较明显的影响。研究工作对于保证风力机安全稳定运行和疲劳寿命设计有重要的作用。
关键词：风力机：多体模型：动态失速：气弹耦合：Beddoes-Lesihman 中图分类号：TK83
Analysis ontheInfluence ofDynamicAerodynamicLoads andComponent
VibrationofWindTurbineonAeroelasticCharacteristics
LIDeyuan
WANGXiannengMOWenweiZHANGXiangwei
(School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006)
Abstract: Through establishing the acroelastic coupling analysis model, both the influence of coupling vibration between blades and tower of a wind turbine on the blade root loads and the difference degree of blade root and tower bottom loads calculated by steady and dynamic aerodynamic models are researched. To reflect the large elastic deformation and nonlinear vibration of the wind turbine,*super-element' model is used to discretize the blades, tower and drive shaft into into a series of rigid bodies connected with joints, springs and dampers. Then a multi-body system of the wind turbine is built. The Beddoes-Leishman(B-L) dynamic stall model is introduced to the blade element momentum(BEM) model to investigate the dynamic characteristics of aerodynamic loads. By adopting the theory of computational dynamics of multi-body system and wind turbine aerodynamic model, the aeroelastic coupling equations of the constrained wind turbine are established. A 5-MW wind turbine is chosen as the research subjcct. Via changing the constraint conditions, the effect of the wind rotor vibrations on the blade root aeroelastic loads is investigated. Using the steady and dynamic aerodynamic models, the dynamic coupling effect of blade root and tower bottom loads is studied by comparing the steady and dynamic aerodynamic models. The analysis indicates that the motions of of the components, such as the tower and drive shaft have significant effects on the blade root aeroelastic loads. And the blade dynamic stall characteristics can considerably affect the blade root aeroelastic loads and fatigue loads spectrum. The research offers a foundation for the stable operation of wind turbine and fatigue life design
Key words: wind turbine: multi-body model: dynamice stall: aeroelastic coupling: Beddoes-Lesihmat
的尺寸和柔性不断增加，叶片经常经历较大的变形
0
前言
随着机组单机容量的增加，叶片与塔架等构件
600（09 收到修改弱
和振动，出现明显的几何非线性问题。叶片所受的气动力和机组构件的动力学响应相互耦合的气弹耦合问题日益突出，风轮叶片的振动与塔架和主轴振动的相互耦合，将影响机组的气弹响应，从而影响机组的疲劳寿命和气弹稳定性。叶片的振动使其运