2016年12月，第22卷，第4期，741-752页
Dec 2016, Vol. 22, No.4, Ppp.741752 DOI: 10.16108/j.issn10067493.2015259
高
地质学报校
Geological Journal of China Universities
中国“采水型”地裂缝特征和成因分析
王艺伟，叶淑君，于军，龚绪龙
1.南京大学地球科学与工程学院水科学系，南京210023；
2.国土资源部地裂缝地质灾害重点实验室，江苏省地质调查研究院，南京210000
摘要：过量开采地下水诱发的地裂缝（“采水型”地裂缝）灾害对社会造成严重损失，受到人们普退关注。近几十年来，国内外学者对其成固机制进行了大量研究，取得了丰硕成果。本文系统分析了前人的研究成果，归纳出“采水型”地裂缝的差异沉降成因、拉张性水平应变成因和四种成因模式；然后针对申国三个典型的“采水型”地裂缝发育区，即汾滑盆地、华北平原、苏锡常地区，阐述了各地地裂缝分布、发育特征和成因机理，并选择典型地段地裂缝进行成因分析，认为汾渭盆地和华北平原地区部分地裂缝属于“先期断层模式”，面苏锡常地区地裂缝总体属于“基岩起伏模式”，并闸述了该模式下导致地裂缝发育的差异性变形、水平应变作用机理。
关键词：地裂缝；地下水开采；成固机制；汾渭盆地；华北平原；苏锡常
中图分类号：P641
文献标识码：A
文章编号：10067493（2016）04074112
FeaturesandMechanismsofEarthFissuresInduced
GroundwaterWithdrawalinChina WANG Yiwei',YEShujun1*,YU Jun"，GONG Xulong
1. Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Seience and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Chian; 2. Key Laboratory of Earth Fissure Geological Gazard of Land and Resources, institute of geological survey in Jiangsu, Nanjing
210000. China
Abstract: Excessive exploitation of groundwater in China has induced serious earth fissure hazards, which can cause significant damage and heavy economic losses, and has received significant atention. In recent decades, mechanisms of earth fissures induced by groundwater withdrawal have been studied by researchers worldwide and many remarkable achievements have been accomplished. The results of previous studies were analyzed in this article firstly and then the mechanisms of earth fissure induced by excessive exploitation of groundwater were summarized and categorized as diferential subsidence, horizontal tensile strain, and Four Earth Fissure Formation Conceptual Models. Then the distribution of earth fissures, development features and mechanisms of earth fissures in three regions (i.e-, the Fenwei Basin, North China Plain and SuXiChang in China) where typical "groundwater-withdraw-induced" fissures developed, were elaborated, and a typical earth fissure was chosen to analyze its cause. Results indicate that earth fissures in the Fenwei Basin and North China Plain were mainly caused by pre-existing faults and excessively ground water exploitation, while the fissures in the SuXiChang region were generally induced by a bedroxk ridge" below the aquifer and excessively ground water exploitation. Differential compaction and horizontal strain mechanisms causing the development of such earth fissures were then explained. Key words: earth fissure; groundwater withdrawal; mechanism; Fenwei Basin; North China Plain; SuXiChang area
Corresponding author: YE Shujun, Professor, E-mail: sjye@nju.edu.cn 收稿日期：20160108；修回日期：20160727
基金项目：本文为国土资源部地裂缝地质灾害重点实验室开放课题（2014003)；国土资源部公益项目（201411096)；江苏省自然科学基金（据
BK2012730)；国家自科学基金项目（41272259）联合资助
作者简介：王艺伟，女，1991年生，碳土研究生，主要从事地下水和地面况降数值模拟的研究；E-mail；wangyiwei1005@126.com
*通讯作者：叶取君，教授；E-mail：sjye@nju.edu.cn