
6录忆第
Volume 24 Number 9
文章编号:1004-0609(2014)09-2380-07
中国有色金属学报
The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metal
高硫砷金矿焙砂的硫酸熟化法预处理
杨永斌,曾冠武,李骞,刘晓亮,姜涛,刘波(中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院,长沙410083)
2014年9月 September 2014
要:基于氧化铁与硫酸反应的热力学原理,采用硫酸熟化-水浸法对高硫高砷金精矿氧化培砂进行预处理,摘
以脱除铁氧化物,破坏其对金的包裹,提高金浸出率。结果表明,在适宜的硫酸含量下,赤铁矿与硫酸反应的产物硫酸铁可转化为板铁矾HFe(SO4)2-4H,O晶体,降低了产物浓度,从面使赤铁矿继续溶解,提高了铁脱除率;适当升高温度可促进扩散的进行,从而使铁的脱除更加彻底。焙砂的氰化浸金率在脱除铁氧化物后显著提高。对于某铁含量为31.25%(质量分数)金含量为84.27g/t的熔砂,当熟化条件为硫酸含量75%、硫酸过剩系数1.4、熟化
温度250℃C、熟化时间1h时,培砂中残余铁含量降至7.23%,此时金浸出率可达97.51%。关键词:高硫砷金矿:焙砂;硫酸熟化:浸金;除铁
中图分类号TF831
文献标志码:A
Pretreatmentbysulfuricacid-curingofcalcineroastingfor
goldoreswithhighsulfurandarseniccontents YANG Yong-bin, ZENG Guan-wu, LI Qian, LIU Xiao-liang, JIANG Tao, LIU Bo
(School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)
Abstract: Bascd on thermodynamics between iron oxides and sulfuric acid, a pretreatment process of sulfuric acid-curing and leaching was used to remove iron, release packaged gold and enhance gold leaching rate. The results show that the product of hematite and sulfuric acid, ferric sulfate, converts to rhomboclase HFe(SO4)2-4H,O under a suitable H,SOa acidity, which can lessen the product concentration, continue the hematite dissolution and improve the iron removal rate. A reasonably higher temperature during curing process leads to a higher iron removal rate. The pretreatment works effectively. For calcine containing Fe of 31.25%(mass fraction) and Au of 84.27 g/t, the gold leaching rate reaches 97.51% and the residual iron in calcine is reduced to 7.23% after a pretreatment of sulfuric acid content 75%, excess coefficient of sulfuric acid 1.4, curing temperature 250o 'C and curing time 1 h.
Key words: gold ores with high sulfur and arsenic; calcine; sulfuric acid-curing; gold leaching; iron removal
高硫砷金矿是一种常见的难处理金矿,受毒砂、黄铁矿等硫砷矿物的影响,其中的金难以直接浸出,常需进行预处理以抑制或消除硫砷物相对浸金过程的阻碍和干扰,使金易于浸出[1-4]。氧化焙烧法以其处理量大、工艺成熟、适应性强等优点,是目前此类矿石预处理的主流方法,针对其污染问题的新型氧化焙烧工艺研究也十分热门3-7。然而,使用氧化焙烧法时,常因工艺条件控制不当而存在过烧和局部高温等现象,导致铁氧化物对金的二次包裹,使其焙砂的金浸
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(51074182) 收稿日期:2013-11-16;修订日期:2014-02-17
出率依然偏低[7-8]。湖南某含铁高硫砷金矿硫含量为 23.89%(质量分数),砷含量为8.73%(质量分数),属于典型的高硫砷难处理金矿。经两段氧化焙烧预处理后,对所得焙砂在pH值为2.0时酸洗后进行氰化浸金,现场金没出率仅为76.81%,氰化渣残留金高达19.54g/t,提金效果垂待改善。经分析,焙砂中部分金被包裹于含铁物相尤其是铁氧化物中。
欲改善此类金矿的提金效果,预处理工艺的关键环节在于防止包裹结构形成,从源头上解决问题,但
通信作者:杨永斌,副教授,博士;电话:13873120592:E-mail:sanyayou@126.com