56
DOI:10.7672/sgjs2014160056
施工技术
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
2014年8月下第43卷第16期
快速静态GPS基坑水平位移安全性监测技术*
胡龙伟，张英杰，张洪源2，田砾”
（1.青岛理工大学管理学院，山东青岛266033；2.青岛理工大学特种工程公司，山东青岛266033；
3.青岛理工大学土木工程学院，山东青岛266033)
【摘要】现有的基坑水平位移监测主要采用全站仪或经纬仪利用极坐标法或小角度法进行，但工作基准点常会受到基坑开挖的影响，进而影响基坑检测的精度和时效性。快速静态GPS基坑水平位移监测技术，只需建立2个基准点作为基准站，工作基点和部分不能通视的监测点利用GPS进行测量，实施动态监测。青岛某基坑工程水平位移的监测，采用双基准菱状GPS网型，基站点和监测点采用强制对中螺栓和特质仪器支架来快速安置，基站长时段观测与监测点快速静态观测数据采集相结合。结果表明，该方法具有高精度、高效益、全天候、不需通视等优点，可
提高工作效率并获得稳定和可靠监测数据。[关键词］基坑；位移；监测；快速静态GPS法
【中图分类号】TU753.1
【文献标识码］A
［文章编号】1002-8498（2014)16-0056-03
SecurityMonitoringTechnologyofFoundationExcavationHorizontal
DisplacementbyRapidStaticGPSMethod Hu Longwei',Zhang Yingjie',Zhang Hongyuan’,Tian Li
(1. School of Management, Qingdao Technological Uninersity, Qingdao, Shandong266033, China;
2. Special Engineering Company of Qingdao Technological Unirersity, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, China 3. School of Ciril Engineering , Qingdao Technological Uninersity, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, China)
Abstract: The total station or theodolite is mainly adopted in foundation excavation horizontal displacement monitoring with polar coordinate method or small angle method. However, the basis points are often affected by excavation work, which influence the detection accuracy and timeliness of the security monitoring of foundation excavation. All that needed are only two base stations in rapid static GPS method adopted in foundation excavation horizontal displacement security monitoring. The work basis points and some monitoring points without inter-visibility can be dynamically monitored by GPS. The new technology used in horizontal displacement monitoring of some foundation excavation possess such characters,bi-standard rhombic GPS net work, forced centering spiral in basis station and monitoring points , special holder for rapid installation and combination long period of time observation at basis station with rapid static observation data collection. Results show that this method can improve work efficiency and gain stable and reliable data for the advantages of high precision ,high benefit,all-weather and without inter-visibility
Key words :foundation excavation; displacement; monitoring;rapid static GPS method
基坑监测是防范工程事故的重要手段之一，通常采用全站仪、经纬仪等利用小角度法或极坐标法、改进的极坐标法等进行基坑水平位移监测[12]，根据《建筑基坑工程监测技术规范》GB50497一2009 的要求，水平位移监测基准点（控制点）和工作基点
*山东省高校优秀科研创新团队计划（101020003）；青岛市基础研究—联合基金计划项目(13-1-4-115-jch）
［作者简介】胡龙伟，讲师，E-mail:302873675@qq-com【收稿日期］2014-02-16
应埋设在基坑开挖深度3倍范围以外不受施工影响的稳定区域，由于全站仪使用时的通视要求，距离监测点及基坑位置不能太远，因此，同时通视的要求限制了监测点的布局，进而影响基坑监测的精度和时效性。而且基坑侧壁受力结构点的水平位移，由于没有适宜仪器监测，往往成为监测的盲点。快速静态GPS法在平面控制测量中甚至高程测量中均有广泛应用[35]，但在建筑工程中采用快速静态 GPS法进行基坑监测的研究尚未见诸文献。本项目