植物营养与肥料学报2017,23(5)：1296-1302 Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer
doi: 10.11674/zwyf.17002 http://www.plantnutrifert.org
微生物菌肥促进苹果花脸病植株氮素吸收和果实增产
陈建明，葛顺峰，沙建川，丰艳广，姜远茂
（山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室，山东泰安271018）
摘要：【目的】探究微生物菌肥对减少革果花脸病发生，提高产量和果实品质的作用。【方法】以5年生烟富 3/M26/平邑甜茶苹果为试材，采用15N同位素示踪技术，于20152016年进行了2年田间试验。设3个处理：花脸病树施化肥(CK)、健康树施化肥(T1)、花脸病树施化肥+微生物菌肥(T2)。分别于2015年10月12日和 2016年10月15日，每个处理随机采集100个果实，统计花脸病病情指数，并于2016年10月15日对整树进行破坏性取样，测定"N吸收利用情况。【结果】施化肥+微生物菌肥花脸病革果树(T2)根系生物量及新梢长
度显著高于施化肥花脸病树(CK)和健康树施化肥：根干重以及新精长度比未
施加的CK处理分务
)处理；施加微生物菌肥，花脸病苹果植株粗根干重、细
+'6F
57.0%和42.0%。无论是否施加微生物肥，花胎
与CK处理相比，T2处理的果实、新梢、叶片、细根、
病苹果植株各器官的Ndf值均显著低于健康苹果树。
粗根、多年生枝和中心干的Ndf值分别提高了93.4%
63.7%，96.1%、80.2%、103.4%和95.0%;
T2处理的"§N利用率最高，为14.4%，显著高于T1处理(10.4%)和CK处理(6.7%)；T2处理的叶片、果实和新梢的"N分配率显著高于CK和T1处理。第-
一年施用微生物菌肥(T2)对花脸病的防控效果仅为7.1%，第二年
显著提高至20.9%，此时T2处理的果实的产量(6.3kg/株)、单果质量(208.2g)、可溶性糖(14.3%)、可滴定酸(0.5%)及糖酸比(27.6)均显著高于CK，但仍低于T1处理。
【结论】施用微生物菌肥显著促进了花脸病苹果植
株根系的生长，增强了根系对氮的吸收和向地上部的运输，从而提高了植株对氮肥的吸收利用，
一定程度上减
轻了花脸病对产量和品质的影响。
关键词：革果；花脸病；微生物菌肥；氮素利用；防控效果
Microbialfertilizerincrease nitrogon uptake and fruityield of apple trees
infectedwithBaikaldisease
CHEN Jian-ming,GE Shun-feng',SHA Jian-chuan, FENG Yan-guang,JIANG Yuan-mao
( College of Horticulture Scienice and Engineering, Shandong Agricultaral University
State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian, Shandong 271018, China )
Abstract: [ Objective J This paper studied the effects of microbial fertilizer on alleviating the Baikal disease and growth, nitrogen uptake, yield and quality of apple plant. [ Method J Taking the seedlings of the five-year-old'Yanfu 3 '/M26/Malus hupehensis Rehd. as tested material, a two-years' field trial was conducted using "N trace technique. Three treatments were designed: sick apple tree (infected with Baikal disease) applied with chemical fertilizer (CK), healthy tree applied with chemical fertilizer (T1) and sick tree applied with both microbial and chemical fertilizer (T2). A hundred of fruits were randomly picked up from each treatment at fruit ripening period The whole trees were cut down as samples, and the absorption and utilization of the "N were determined.[ Results J 1) The root biomass and new shoot length of apple trees in T2 were significantly higher than those in CK and T1. The dry biomass of fine roots and thick roots, the branch length in T2 were 39.4%, 157.0% and 42.0% higher than in CK, respectively. The Ndff values in CK and T2 were significantly lower than those in T1 in all the
收稿日期：2017-01-05
接受日期：2017-04-30
基金项目：国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0201100）；国家自然科学基金项目（31501713）；国家现代农业产业技术体系建设资金项目
(CARS-27）资助。
作者简介：陈建明（1991—），男，山东德州人，硕土研究生，主要从事苹果氨素营养研究。E-mail：18854803562@163.com
*通信作者 E-mail;geshunfeng210@126.com;ymjiang@sdau.edu.cn
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