植物营养与肥料学报2016,22(2）：395-402 Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer
doi10. 11674/zwyf. 14349 http://www.plantnutrifert.org
氮素对不同生育期小麦植株累积硒的影响
陈玉鹏，梁东丽*，宋卫卫，雷凌明，喻大松，缪树寅
（西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室，陕西杨凌712100）
摘要：【目的】施用氮肥是农业生产上最重要的增产措施之一，但增施氮肥对不同生育期小麦植株中硒累积、转运和分配的影响尚不明确。本研究通过盆栽试验研究不同氮水平对小麦生长过程中植株各器官硒累积的影响，为合理施氮提高小麦硒含量提供理论参考。【方法】试验设置N100mg/kg和200mg/kg两个水平，每个氮水平设置低硒（Se0.81mg/kg）和高硒（Se5.02mg/kg）处理，分别在小麦苗期、拔节期、孕穗期、抽穗期、扬花期、灌浆期和成熟期取样，分析不同生育期小麦对土壤外源硒的吸收速率，探讨不司硒水平下施氨量对小麦各器官硒累积、转运和分配的影响。【结果】1）与低氮相比，高氮促进了小麦籽粒产量增加，低硒的促进作用大于高硒，低硒和高硒时的高氮处理小麦籽粒产量较低氮处理分别提高了21.7%和13.7%。低硒时的高氮处理能提高小麦穗（特别是籽
麦各器官（特别是籽粒和根）中硒含量下降，其中籽粒和根部硒含量较低氮处理分别下降了13.2%和17.8%。2）相同硒水平下，高氮处理小麦根部硒占植株总硒的比例较低氮处理下降了约1/4；在营养生长阶段，低硒时高氮处理能促进硒向小麦地上部转运，而在生殖生长阶段其能促进硒从小麦茎叶向颖壳和籽粒中转运，使得籽粒中硒占总硒比例提高了18.4%；但高硒时高氮处理却促进硒从茎叶转运到颖壳中，致使籽粒中硒占总硒比例下降了 8.0%。3)小麦根部硒含量在苗期和拔节期，抽穗期和扬花期之间增长幅度最大，说明此期间是小麦硒吸收的敏感期。【结论】小麦硒含量因生育期和外源硒水平的不同而异，施氮量也影响着小麦硒累积、转运和分配。增施氮肥
能提高硒的利用效率，建议低硒地区农业生产中补硒时要结合氮的合理施用。关键词：氮；硒；小麦；累积；转运；分配
中图分类号：S512.1.06
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008505X(2016)02039508
Effects of nitrogen application on seleniumaccumulation,translocation and
distribution of winter wheat at different growth periods
CHEN Yu-peng, LIANG Dong-i', SONG Wei-wei, LEI Ling-ming, YU Da-song, MIAO Shu-yin
(College of Natural Resources and Emwironment of Northuest A&F Uninersity, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and
Agri-enwironment in Northaest China,Ministry of Agriculture,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)
Abstract: [Objectives] Nitrogen application is one of the most important measures for increasing crop yield in agriculture, but impact of nitrogen application on accumulation, translocation and distribution of selenium in winter wheat at different periods is not clear.【Methods] A pot experiment was carried out to study effect of nitrogen application on selenium accumulation of winter wheat at different growth periods for providing theoretical reference of reasonable nitrogen application and increasing selenium content of grains. Wheat was grown under greenhouse conditions with 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg nitrogen, and each nitrogen treatment was supplied with low (Se 0.81 mg/kg)orhigh(5.02 mg/kg)levels of selenite.Selenium concentrations and biomass amounts of different parts of wheat were determined at 7 stages of seedling,jointing,booting,heading,flowering,filling and maturity.The selenium contents of wheat in different treatments and the selenium absorption amount of roots at different growth periods were analyzed, and the influence of the nitrogen application on selenium accumulation, translocation and
收稿日期：2014-07-15
接受日期：2014-11-14
网络出版日期：2015-04-21
基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（41171379）：西北农林科技大学创新团队项目资助。
作者简介：陈玉（1989一），男，河南许吕人，硕士研究生，主要从事土壤环境化学方向研究。E-mail：yupengchen1105@163.com
*通信作者E-mail；dongliliang2005yahoo.com