植物营养与肥料学报2013,19(2)：420-429 Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science
doi: 10. 11674/zwyf. 2013. 0219
黄土高原苹果园地深层土壤氮素含量与分布特征
范鹏"，李军2*，张丽娜，曹裕2，居马汗·卡斯木"
（1西北农林科技大学林学院，陕西杨凌712100；2西北农林科技大学农学院，陕西杨凌712100）
摘要：在黄土高原的风期、白水、长武、西峰、延安和静宁等6个苹果产区，测定了6～28龄草果园地0--300cm 土层土壤的全氮、铵态氮和硝态氮含量，分析和比较了不同地区和不同树龄果园土壤全氮、铵态氮和硝态氮含量及其剖面分布特征。结果表明：1）不同地区和不同树龄果园土壤全氮含量为0.19g/kg（延安）～1.28g/kg（白水），土壤铵态氮含量为5.19mg/kg(静宁）～39.46mg/kg（长武），土壤硝态氮含量为3.97mg/kg(延安）～352.86 mg/kg（白水），除延安点土壤明显较低外其它试点果园土壤全氮含量差异不大，各类果园土壤硝态氮含量差异较大，而铵态氮含量差异较小；2)不同地区和不同树龄果园60cm以上土层土壤全氮含量明显高于深层土壤，高龄果园土壤硝态氮含量明显高于低龄果园，并在100cm以下土层出现不同程度的土壤硝态氮累积现象；3)延安果园土壤全氮、铵态氮和硝态氮含量均低于其它试点，需要增施氮肥以提高草果产量，面风翔、白水、长武、静宁和西峰
草果园深层土壤硝态氮积累量较高，应维持或适当减少氮肥施用量。关键调：黄土高原；苹果园；氮素；剖面分布
中图分类号：S661.1；S153.61
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008505X(2013)02042010
Soil nitrogen contents and deep profiledistributions in apple orchards
oftheLoessPlateau
FAN Peng', LI Jun’', ZHANG Li-na', CAO Yu", Jumahan · Kasimu
(I College of Forestry, Northaest A&F Uninersity, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; 2 College of Agronomy, Northueest A&F Unitersity, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China)
Abstract: Contents of soil total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in O 300 cm soil layers of 6 28 year-old apple orchards were measured at 6 apple production bases of Fengxiang, Baishui, Changwu, Xifeng Yan'an and Jingning in the Loess Plateau, and profile distributions of soil total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents between different ages of apple orchards at dfferent sites were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the range of soil total nitrogen contents is from 0. 19 g/kg ( Yan' an) to 1. 28 g/kg (Baishui) , the range of soil ammonium nitrogen contents is from 5. 19 mg/kg (Jingning) to 39. 46 mg/kg (Changwu), and the range of soil nitrate nitrogen contents is from 3. 97 mg/kg (Yan'an) to 352. 86 mg/kg (Baishui) at different sites and of different ages of apple orchards. There are not significant differences of soil total nitrogen contents in apple orchards at different sites except Yan'an where the content is obviously lower than those of other sites. The soil nitrate nitrogen contents are significantly different at different sites, while the soil ammonium nitrogen contents are less different. The soil total nitrogen contents in O 60 cm soil layers of the apple orchards are obviously higher than those in the deeper soil layers. The soil nitrate nitrogen contents of old apple orchards are higher than those of young apple orchards, and at the same time the nitrate nitrogen accumulation in soil profiles below 100 cm soil layers occurs in varying degrees. The contents of soil total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen of
收稿日期：20120627
接受日期：2012-11-20
基金项目：国家自热科学基金项目(31071374)资助。
作者简介：范鹏（1988—），女，河南新郑人，硕土研究生，主要从事旱区农业生态研究。E-mail：fanpeng0809sina.com
*通信作者E-mail;junli@nwsuaf. edu.cn
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