2010年3月，第16卷，第1期，39-44页 March2010,Vol.16，No.1，p.3944
高校地质学报
Geological Journal of China Universities
膜下滴灌棉花根系发育特征及其与土壤水盐分布的关系
何雨江"，靳孟贵*，王在敏"，汪丙国"，刘磊2
（1.中国地质大学环境学院，武汉430074；2.新疆农业大学水利学院，乌鲁木齐830052）
摘要：为探讨膜下滴灌条件下水分和盐分对棉花根系空间发育的影响，在花铃期选择相同灌溉制度、威淡水灌溉的两个膜下滴灌处理田块采集距滴演带不同距离、不同深度上的根系样品144件。用1mm土筛和手冻将棉花根系从土壤中筛分出来，去除死根，冲洗干净后用扫描仪扫描成tif格式图像，再用DT-SCAN软件计算根长密度。对比分析发现膜下滴灌及盐胁迫条件下，成水灌溉的根系分布范围较大，其总根长密度比淡水大31.69mm/cm，根系生长深度也远大于淡水灌溉。成水灌溉根系分布主要受盐分胁迫，淡水灌溉根系分布主要受水分胁迫。水平方向上距滴头40cm以远，水分胁迫对根系发育起主
导作用。土壤体积含水率在20%以上、电导率在2000μs/cm以下时可以满足根系的正常生长发育。关键词：膜下滴灌；根系分布；土壤水盐动态
中图分类号：S275.6；S562
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1006-7493（2010)01-0039-06
CharacteristicsofCottonRootDevelopmentunderMulchDripIrrigationand
TheirRelationshipwithSoilWaterandSaltDistribution HE Yu-jiang', JIN Meng-gui", WANG Zai-min', WANG Bing-guo', LIU Lei( 1. School of Enironmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; 2. School of Water Conseruancy, Xinjiang Agricultural Uninersity, Urumqi 830052, Chiga )
Abstract: In order to understand the impact of water-salt on spatial development of cotton roots under mulch drip irrigation, 144 root samples were collected in the flower and boll stage for two different treatments irrigated with saline groundwater and fresh surface water using same irrigation system. Screening out cotton roots from the soil with 1 mm soil sieve and hand-picking removing dead roots, scanning into a tif format images afier washing, then the root length density was obtained through DTSCAN software calculation. The results show that the distribution area of roots under mulch drip irrigation with saline water is larger and total root length density (31.69 mm/em’) is bigger than that with fresh water. The depth of root for saline water irrigation is much greater than that with fresh water because of salt stress. Root distribution is mainly affected by salt stress under saline water irrigation; however, it is affected by water stress under fresh water irrigation. Water stress plays a leading role in root development 40 cm away from the emitter at the horizontal direction. When the volumetric water content of soil is greater than 20 % and the
electric conductivity is smaller than 2000 μ s/cm, the root can grow and develop normally. Key words: mulch drip irrigation; root distribution; soil water-salt dynamics
根系吸水规律是土壤植物一大气连续体（SPAC系统）水分运移的重要环节，是作物生长条件下非饱和土壤水分运动问题求解时必须刻画
收稿日期：2009-10-12；修回日期：201002-19
的要素（虎胆·吐马尔白，1999）。准确掌握作物根系分布及其吸水状况和土壤水分消耗动态，对于合理制定灌溉制度、保证农业节水和稳产高
基金项目：国家科技支撑计划项目（2007BAD38B01）和新疆自治区重大科技专项课题（20073117-3）联合资助作者简介：何雨江，男，博士研究生，研究方向为水文循环与生态环境；Email:heyujiang86@163.onm
*通讯作者：新盂费，男，教授，主要从事地下水与环境的教学与研究；Email:mgjin@eug-edu.en