植物营养与肥料学报2016,22(3）：707-718 Joumal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer
doi:10.11674/zwyf.14590 http：//www.plantnutrifert.org
不同栽培方式菜田耕层土壤重金属状况
黄绍文，唐继伟'，李春花*
（中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室，北京100081）
摘要：【目的】评价不同栽培方式（温室、大棚和露地)菜田土壤重金属状况，为菜田土壤质量改善和蔬菜高效安全施肥提供一定的理论依据。【方法】针对我国北方3个区域（东北、黄准海、西北地区)和南方4个区域（华中、西南、华东、华南地区)主要蔬菜种植区不同裁培方式的典型菜田耕层土壤展开调查，选择的主要菜区不同栽培方式的菜田均为远离城郊的未受到工业“三废”、汽车尾气等污染的农村菜田，取样时间是2013年作物收获后或蔬菜施肥前或生长后期，共采集503个土壤样品，对温室、大棚和露地三种裁培方式下土壤重金属状况进行了研究。【结果]1）采样区设施（温室和大棚)菜田土壤重金属Cu、Zn和Cd总量总体上均高于露地菜田土壤，较露地菜田土壤平均分
别高12.2%、21.7%和30.4%
随祥年限的
菜田土壤重金属Cu、Zn和Cd总量呈显著增加的趋势。
不同栽培方式菜田土壤中均可能存在几种重金属同时污染的复合污染现象，土壤Cu、Zn、Cd等之间的相关性均达到极显著水平。3)采样区不同栽培方式菜田土壤Cd的二级超标率在19.2%～22.3%之间，温室、大棚和露地菜田土壤Cd的单项污染指数平均分别为0.97、0.98和0.70；土壤Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、As和Hg的二级超标率在0~ 14.6%之间，单项污染指数在0.06～0.52之间。【结论】设施菜田N、P,0，和K,0总量及有机肥用量均显著高于露地菜田，可能是造成设施菜田土壤中重金属Cu、Zn和Cd积累显著高于露地菜田的重要原因。采样区设施（温室和大棚)菜田土壤Cd总体上处于污染警戒级状态，露地菜田土壤总体上未受到Cd的污染：设施和露地菜田土壤
Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、As和Hg总体上均未构成对土壤的污染。关键词：菜田土壤；栽培方式；重金属；污染指数
中图分类号：X53
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008505X(2016)03070712
Status of heavy metals in vegetable soils under different patterns of land use
HUANG Shao-wen, TANG Ji-wei', LI Chun-hua
(Institute of Agricultural Resourees and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory
of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture，Bejing I00081,China）
Abstract: [Objectives] A national vegetable soil survey on total heavy metal concentrations under three pattems sesaeergaeeaas vegetable soil quality improvement, and high-efficiency and safe fertilizer recommendation. [Methods] More than five hundreds of representative soil samples at depth of 0 20 cm were collected from the main vegetable production regions in China （Northeastern, Huanghuaihai, Northwesterm, Southwestem, Central China, East China, and South China) located in rural areas away from suburbs of their cities, and not affected by the waste air, water and residue from industry and the tail gases emited by automobiles etc. The sampling periods comprised after harvest, prior to fertilization, or at late stage of growth in 2013,and the total heavy metal concentrations under the three patterms of land use were investigated in this study. [Results] 1) The total Cu, Zn and Cd concentrations in the eeeeeas vegetable soils, with average increases of 12. 2%, 21.7% and 30.4% , respectively. 2) The total Cu, Zn and Cd concentrations in the vegetable soils are significantly increased with the elongation of vegetable production history.
收稿日期：20140430
接受日期：20150323
网络出版日期：2015-0721
基金项目：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-25-C-11)；公益性行业（农业）科研专项(201203095）资助。作者简介：黄绍文（1964一），男，朝南桃源人，研究员，博士，博士生导师，主要从事薇菜营养与高效安全施肥研究。
Tel; 01082108662, E-mail; huangshaowen@ cass, cn
通信作者 Tel; 01082108662, E-mail; twng_jiwei@163. com; Tel; 01082108653, E-mail; lichunhua@ caas. en
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