植物营养与肥料学报2010，16(2)：389-394 Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science
甘薯对不同形态氮素的吸收与利用
史春余，张晓冬，张超，陈晓光
（山东农业大学农学院，作物生物学国家重点实验室，山东泰安271018)
摘要：为探讨氮索形态对甘募氮素吸收、利用及其氮索生产效率的影南。在大田生产条件下，分别施用酰胺态氮、铵态氮和硝态鼠肥料，研究了甘等生长发育过程中吸收根活力变化和氮素吸收动态、收获期氮素积累量和分配以及块根产量。结果表明，与胺态鼠处理相比，铵态氮和硝态氮处理的暖收根活力和氮素积累起始势较高，氮素积累量，肥料氮素利用率及其生产效率也较高，块根产量提高了16.37%和10.52%。与硝态氮处理相比，铵态氮处理的氮素积累基较低，肥料氮素在块根中的分配比例较高，块根产量、氮素生产效率和肥料氮素生产效率分别提高了
5.30%、13.28%和5.29%。甘募施用铵态氮肥有利于高产和高效。关键词：甘薯；氮素形态；氮素生产效率：肥料氮素利用率
中图分类号：S632；S606*2
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008505X(2010)020389-06
Absorptionandutilizationofdifferentnitrogenformsforsweetpotato
SHI Chun-yu, ZHANC Xiso-dong, ZHANG Chao, CHEN Xiao-guang
(Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University/ State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian,Shandong 271018, China）
Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine effects of nitrogen forms on nitrogen absorption and utilization, and nitrogen efficiency for storage root production in sweet potato. Three nitrogen forms CONH, N( urea), NHt N(NH,HCO,) and NOj -N(CaNO,), were applied in the field culture experiments, respectively. The changes of absorp tive root activity and nitrogen absorption during sweet potato development, accumulation and distribution of nitrogen at the harvest,and yield of storage root were studied. The results show that absorptive roots are more vigorous in NHt -N or NO, -N vs. CONHt N trealment. Plants subjected to NHt N or NO; -N have a higher level of initial nitrogen, accu-mulate more nitrogen, and exhibit a higher level of nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and N production efficiency (i.e. storage root weight per unit fertilizer-nitrogen). Plants treated with NH4 N or NO; -N have 16.37% or 10.52% higher storage root yield compared to CONHt N treated plants, Plants subjected to NHt N aceumulate lower nitrogen, and exhibit a higher level of 5N distribution in storage roots. Plants treated with NHt N exhibit 5.30% higher storage root yield, 13.28% higher nitrogen production efficiency (i.e. storage root weight per unit nitrogen) and 5.29% higher "N production efficiency compared to NO, -N treated plants, NHt N is most suitable for obtaining high yield and high effi-ciency in sweet potato.
Key words: sweet potato; nitrogen form; nitrogen production efficiency; nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency
氮素形态是调控作物氮素营养的重要因素之一。许多研究表明，作物对不同形态氮素的吸收利用因作物种类和施用时期等而异[1-10]；氮素形态也在很大程度上影响作物的生长和产量形成，其效果因作物种类而异(1-18]。但是，这些研究多集中于水
收稿日期：2009-02-17
接受日期：2009-07-10
稻、小麦、玉米、烟草和蔬菜等作物。甘薯是我国重要的淀粉与乙醇原料作物、饲料作物和保健食品原料作物，氮素是其重要的营养元素之一。在一定范围内，增施氮肥可以提高甘薯的干物质生产能力和块根产量，而施氮量过高会延迟结薯、导致地上部旺
基金项目：山东省自然科学基金(Y2007D14)：山东省教育厅科技计划(J07YF05)；山东省济宁市科技计划资助。
作者商介：史券余（1964-），男，山东营南人，博士，教投，主要从事作物产基品质生理与营养调控研究。E-mail:scyu@sdau.edu.cen 万方数据