建设管理
翟博文等：长庆油田地面管道泄漏原因分析及防治对策
长庆油田地面管道泄漏原因分析及防治对策
翼博文，
杨博
张巧生
摘要：近几年来，油田管道泄漏事件时有发生，主要是固为油田开发水驱后期，采出液含水率逐年上升，组分不断变化，腐蚀固素日趋复杂；部分油田采出水矿化度高，离蚀性离子和溶解氧含量高，介质腐蚀性较强；多层系叠合开发共用地面系统，导致管道垢下腐蚀严重；此外，自然外力和第三方破坏电成为管道泄漏的重要原因。对管道泄漏原因进行系统分析的结果表明，从扁蚀评价、管材选取、防腐工艺、路由选择、泄漏检测、水工保护等方面采取措施，可降低管道运行风险，延长使用寿命，确保油田可持续发展。
关键词：管道泄漏；安全环保；防治对策；防腐；水工保护；阴极保护 Doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6896.2017.04.021
Analysis on the Reasons and Countermeasures for the Leakage of the Ground Pipeline in Changqing Oilfield
Zhai Bowen, Yang Bo,Zheng Qiaosheng
Abstract: In recent years, the oit pipeline leakage occurs frequently.The redsons mainly include following aspects: in the late period of oilfield development water flooding, water content in produced liquid is rising year by year, components are changing constantly and corrosion factors becomes increas-ingly complex; part of the oilfield produced water has the higher degree of salinity, corrosive ions, dis solived oxygen content and has high corrosive medium; multilayer development and common surface gathering system can also cause pipeline corrosion under the scale. In addition, the natural forces and the third party damage are also become important reasons of pipeline leakage. By systematic analysis of the pipeline leakage reasons, measures such as corrosion evaluation, pipe material selection, anticor rosion technology, routing, leak detection, the hydraulic protection and so on can be taken.These measures can reduce the risk of pipeline operation, prolong service life and ensure the sustainable devel opment of the oilfield.
Key words: pipeline leakage; safety and environmental protection; countermeasures;
anti-corro
sion;hydraulic protection;cathodicprotection
长庆油田位于鄂尔多斯盆地内，地跨陕、甘、晋、蒙五省区。该油田属于典型的低渗、低
宁、
压、低丰度的“三低”油气藏，多井低产、滚动开发，点多面广、地形复杂是其典型特点。开发40 多年来，已建成各类管道5×10°km，其中油气管道3×10*km，供（注）水管道2×10°km，且材质以钢质管道为主，各类管线服役年限统计见表1。根据统计，服役10年以上集输管道占25.28%，供（注）水管道占17.43%。
油田开发区域内生态脆弱，敏感保护目标众多且保护范围逐年扩大，涉及多条河流、水库及水源保护区、各类自然保护区，共计约2000km管线处于保护区内，随着修订后的新“两法”实施，对此
西安长庆科技工程有限责任公司 70
万方数据
类区域污染事故的执法力度明显加大，
企业面临巨
大的法律风险。
表1
年限 <5年 5~10年 10~15年 >15年
出油管道 10 000 7000 4 000 2.000
各类管线服役年限统计
集输油管道 4 000 3.000 2 000 900
管道防腐及泄漏情况
供水管道 1000 600 200 100
km 注水管道 4 000 2 000 600 300
长庆油田大部分油区地处黄土高原，该区域降雨少、蒸发量大，气候干燥，土壤电阻率一般大于 502·m，月
腐蚀性较弱。2009年以前，油田地面
油气田地面工程nttp:/wwwayqtdmgc.com