储运工程
李鹏程等：高预原油输送管道流动安全保障设计探讨
高凝原油输送管道流动安全保障设计探讨
周晓红’汪大林1路宏
李程1
摘要：在高凝原油输送管道的设计与运营管理中，流动安全保障问题尤为突出。以中海油国外某高凝原油管道设计为例，针对管道与转运站分属不同管理作业方的特殊模式，提出两种热输送设计方案。在加热、热水预热与置换方案中，经计算预热时预热水最佳温度为84℃，预热水流量越大越好，建议管道设计输量为6359m"/d，并对正、反向置换预热的优缺点进行了比较；在集肤效应电伴热方案中，通过技术经济性比选确定了管道保温层厚度取80mm，集肤效应电件热系统加热功率设置为2534kW，同时对集肤效应电件热方案相对于加热、热永预热与置换方案的优势进行了分析探讨。
关键词：高凝原油；原油输送管道；流动安全保障；集肤效应电伴热；停输再启动 Doi :10.3969/j.issn.10066896.2018.02.013
Design Discussion on the Flow Assurance for Transportation Pipelines of High Pour Point Crude Oil
LI Pengcheng, ZHOU Xiaohong, WANG Dalin, LU Hong
Abstract: Flow assurance is very important in the design and operation management of the transporta tion pipeline. Some CNOOC aboard high pour point crude oil pipeline is taken as an example, and aiming at the special mode that the pipeline and the transfer post are belong to different management and operation parties, two heat transport design plans are put forward.In the heating, hot water preheat ing and displacement plan, through calculation it is known that during preheating process the best tem perature of preheating water is 84 C . The greater of the preheating water flow rate, the better for preheating. The designed throughout should be 6359 m'/d. The advantages and disadvantages of for ward and backward direction displacement preheating are compared. In the skin effect electric heat tracing scheme, through technical and economical comparison, it is determined that the thickness of the pipeline insulation layer thickness should be 80 mm, and the heating power of skin effect electric heat tracing system should be 2534 kW. At the same time, compared with the heating, hot water preheating and displacement plan, the advantage of skin effect heat tracing plan is anelyzed and discussed. Key words: high pour point crude oil; crude oil transportation pipeline; flow assurance; skin effect electric heat tracing: shutdown and restart
中海油国外某新开发油田，原油性质相对较差，具有含蜡量高（31.2%）、倾点高（45℃）的特征，属典型的高凝原油。油田内各井场生产的高凝原油经物流集输至中心处理厂处理成合格原油，经1条DN250、47.8km的外输管道输送至转油站，然后经转油站泵人国家石油管道配送至下游各用户，外输管道是整个油田开发的主动脉"。
由于受输送原油凝点高的影响及管道与转运站分属不同作业管理方的限制，管道启动时的预热低输量输送、停输再启动等问题在方案设计中必须
1中海油研究总院有限责任公司
52 万方数据
予以考虑-"。针对管道与转运站分属不同管理作业方的特殊模式，提出了不同的设计方案，以期今后对此类高凝原油管道设计提供参考
流动安全保障设计方案
高凝原油在输送过程中不能采用等温输送工艺，通常采用加热输送。热油管道的投产过程是土壤温度场逐渐建立即土壤蓄热的过程。如果以热油直接投产，原油与管壁及其附近土壤的温差很大
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