特种成形栏目是由北京机电研究所塑性工程技术中心①赞助刊出
第41卷第2期 Vol. 41No. 2
特种成形
假压技术
FORGING & STAMPING TECHNOLOGY
来
孙光辉，辛选荣，陈学文（河南科技大学材料学院，河南洛阳471003）
2016年2月 Feb.2016
摘要：使用Deform软件，对模横轧小断面收缩率轴类件进行模拟分析，得到了小断面收缩率轴类件的应力一应变规律。模拟结果显示：模横轧小断面收缩率轴类件的主要成形发生在展宽段，在轧件与模具接触的区域，轧件的三向应力均为压应力，且压应力的值较大，在轧件的中心区域，横向应力为拉应力，其值达到25MPa左右，轴向应力为拉应力，其值达到35MPa 左右，轧件易产生缩松、裂纹等缺陷；小断面收缩率轴类件的对称横截面出现椭圆化，箱圆度值可达到2.28%；对模横轧小断面率轧件进行金属流动性分析，发现轧件的变形主要发生在轧件的外层附近，在不同的横截面上，截面离对称横截面越远，轴向位移的值越大；在轧件的端面上选取P1，P2，P3，P4这4点，轧件的外层P4处轴向位移大，轧件的心部P1处轴向位移小，导致轧件出现了凹心现象。
关键词：模横轧；椭圆化；金属流动；国心 DOI: 10. 13330/j. issn. 1000-3940. 2016. 02. 014
中图分类号：TG335
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-3940（2016）02-0068-05
cross-sectional shrinkage shaft Sun Guanghui, Xin Xuanrong, Chen Xuewen
( College of Materials, Henan University of Science and Technology, Laoyang 471003, China)
Abstract : The cross wedge rolling process of small cross-sectional shrinkage shaft was simulated by software Deform, and the regulation of stress-strain was obtained. The result indicates that the main forming of the small cross-sectional shrinkage shaft oceurs on the stretching section. The triaxial stress of the workpiece is eompressive stress in contact with the die area, and the compressive stress value is large. However, the transversal stress of the workpiece is tensile stress in the central region of the workpiece, and its value is about 25 MPa. Furthermore , the axial stress is tensile stress and its value is about 35 MPa, and it is easy to produce shrinkage and cracks. Then, the el-lipse: appears in the small cross-sectional shrinkage shaft, and its ellipticity is up to 2. 28% . The deformation of shafts is found to produce mainly around the outer of shafts by the metal flow analysis. In dfferent cross-sections, the farther distance is the cross section from the symmetric cross section, the greater is the axial displacement. P1 , P2, P3 , P4 are selected in the end face of the workpiece, P4 axial displacement at the outer layer of the workpiece is large and P1 axial displacement at the heart of workpiece is small, which cause concave core in the workpiece easily.
Key words : cross wedge rolling; elliptical; metal flow; concave core
楔横轧是一种少切削的成形新工艺，它具有生产效率高、材料利用率高、模具寿命长、轧件精度高、噪音小和生产成本低等优点，现已广泛应用于生产汽车、拖拉机和摩托车的轴类零件[。
目前，大多数楔横轧的应用成果是在热楔横轧的基础上取得的。大量的试验数据表明，楔横轧最
收稿日期：20151008；修订日期：20151220 基金项目：国家自科学基金资助项目（51575162）
作者简介：孙光辉（1989-），男，额土研究生 E-mail: 2623730516@ qq. com
有利的断面收缩率范围为50%65%。在这个断面收缩率范围内，模横轧的成形工艺性能最好。然而，在实际的应用中，一些零件是断面收缩率小于35% 的轧件，而目前对于小断面收缩率横轧工艺的研究还比较少，对于小断面收缩率的流动情况了解得还不够全面。
基于上述的情况，对楔横轧小断面收缩率的楔横轧工艺研究很有必要。本文通过使用Deform软件对小断面收缩率轴类件楔横轧过程进行模拟分析，分析了轧件应力及金属的流动性情况，对模横轧工