
第22卷第4期 2014年8月
材料科学与工艺
MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
热处理对粉末热挤压法制备6061铝合金
强度和塑性的影响
马国俊1,2,丁雨田,金培鹏2,刘国龙
Vol. 22No. 4 Aug.2014
(1.兰州理工大学有色金属新材料国家重点实验室,兰州730050;2.青海大学金属材料研究所.西宁810016
摘要:研究了单级固溶及峰值时效处理对粉末热挤压法制备6061铝合金显微组织及室温力学性能的影响,观察了合金挤压态、固溶态及时效处理后的显微组织,并对其力学性能进行了测试.结果表明:挤压态材料的晶粒均匀细小,基体合金中存在大量的第二相颗粒,主要为Mg,Si相;热挤压后的6061铝合金经固溶时效处理(530℃×1h水冷+170℃× 6h)后,晶粒内部析出大量的β"(MgsSi。)相,并伴有少量棒状的β'(Mg,Si)相析出,拉伸强度和延伸率分别为311MPa
和10%,相比挤压态铝合金,其拉伸强度提高了近160% 关键词:6061铝合金;热挤压;热处理;力学性能
中图分类号:TG146.2*1
文献标志码:A
文章编号:1005-0299(2014)04-0101-07
Effectofheattreatmentonstrengthandductilityof
6061Alalloysbyhotextrusionofpowder MA Guojun',2,DINGYutian,JIN Peipeng,LIU Guolong
( 1.State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non-ferrous Metal Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050, China; 2.Institute of Metal Materials, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China)
Abstract : The effect of solid solution and peak aging on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the hot extruded 6061Al alloys made by powder was studied. The microstructures of as-extruded, solid solution and ageing treatments were investigated and the tensile properties were tested. The results showed that the fine and homogeneous grain structure was obtained in as-extruded Al alloys, and there were lots of precipitated phase particles (Mg2Si) in the matrix. After solution and ageing treatment (530 C ×1 h +170 C ×6 h), the constituents of matrix were composed of α-Al, strengthing phases β"Mg,Sig and little amount of β'-Mg,Si, tensile strength and elongation were 311 MPa and 10%, respectively. In contrast with as-extruded materials,
the tensile strength of the heat treated 6061 alloys increased nearly by 160%. Keywords: 6061Al alloys; hot extrusion; heat treatment; mechanical properties
随着航空航天和交通运输业的发展,AI-Mg-Si 合金材料以较高的比强度、良好的耐腐蚀性能和优异的成型性能获得越来越广泛的应用[1-4].传统的铝合金制备工艺主要以铸造和锻造为主,而相比传统的制备方法,用粉末冶金工艺制备的材料,可有效地避免成分偏析,减少切削基至无切削,生
收稿日期:2012-12-07.
基金项目:青海省科技厅项目(2010-H-803);国家重点基础研
究发展计划项目(2011CB612200);
作者简介:马国俊(1981-),男,博士.
通信作者:丁雨田(1962-),E-mail:dingyutian@126.com
产出具有各种特定性能的零件,从而表现出广阔的应用前景[5-6]
在该研究领域,W.J.Kim等人L采用粉末冶金工艺制备了6061铝合金,并对材料在高温下的塑性变形行为进行了研究,通过研究发现当温度在520~590℃范围内,应变速率为10-2-1时, 6061铝合金的延伸率超过300%,在相对较高的应变速率下,粉末冶金法制备的6061铝合金显示出超塑性特征;N.Showaiter等人【8]尝试通过添加不同合金元素极大地改善了6061铝合金的压缩性和烧结性,从而有效地提高了材料的力学性能: