
324
铸
造
FOUNDRY
Apr.2013 Vol.62No.4
锻压力对铸锻复合成形6061铝合金组织性能的影响
彭勇1,王顺成,郑开宏,戚文军!,陈和兴,周海涛
(1.广东省工业技术研究院(广州有色金属研究院)金属加工与成型技术研究所,广东广州510650;
2.中南大学材料科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410083)
摘要:研究了在不同锻压力下6061铝合金的显微组织与力学性能。结果表明:铸锻复合成形过程未施加锻压力时相当于压力铸造过程,显微组织中枝晶比较发达,晶粒粗大,宏观组织中有明显的凝固收缩产生的裂纹;施加锻压力后能够显著改善合金的组织,铸造缺陷减少,晶粒得到较大细化:随着锻压力的增大,铸态和T6热处理态合金的抗拉强度皆先增大后趋于平缓减小,当锻压力为90MPa时,铸锻态达到最大224MPa,T6热处理后,合金的抗拉强度显提高,达到最高358MPa:铸锻态和T6热处理态的伸长率告在60MPa时达到最大。
关键词:6061铝合金;铸锻复合成形;力学性能;显微组织中图分类号:TG249.9:TG146.2
文献标识码:A文章编号:1001-4977(2013)04-0324-06
EffectofForgingPressureonMicrostructureand MechanicalPropertiesof6061AlloyPreparedby
Casting-ForgingCompound Forming
PENG Yongl2,WANG Shun-cheng',ZHENGKai-hong',QIWen-jun',CHEN He-xing',ZHOU Hai-tao(1. Institute of Materials Processing, Guangzhou Research Institute of Non-ferrous Metals, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong
China; 2. School of Materials Science and Engineering. Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China)
Abstract:The microstructure and mechanical properties of 6061 aluminum alloyunder differentforging pressure were investigated.The results show that casting-forging compound forming process without forging pressure is the same as die casting, the dendrite is well developed, grains are coarse and there are apparent solidification shrinkage cracks; with forging pressure, the microstructure of the alloy changes significantly, the casting defects reduce, the grain size decreases; with the increase offorging pressure, the tensile strength ofthe alloy both casting-forging and T6 heat-treatment first improve remarkably and then reduce to flatten, the tensile strength reaches maximum 224 MPa under pressure of 90 MPa, after T6 heat-treatment, the tensile strength of the alloy improves significantly and reaches maximum 358 MPa; when the forging pressure is 60 MPa, the elongationofthealloybothcasting-forgingandT6heat-treatmentreachthemaximum.
Keywords:6061aluminum alloy; casting-forging compound forming;mechanical property;microstructure
6061铝合金是一种典型的可热处理强化铝合金,属于AI-Mg-Si系合金,其具有良好的塑性、优良的加工性能(尤其是锻压成形)、可焊性和耐腐蚀性、低密度以及较低的率火敏感系数、无应力腐蚀开裂倾向等优点,因而被广泛应用于航空航天、交通运输、家用电器和现代建筑领域-。6061铝合金属于变形铝合金,铸造性能不好,因而传统的铸造工艺往往存在晶粒粗大、组织不均匀和成分偏析等缺陷导致其力学性能和耐腐蚀性能难以进一步提高间
铸锻复合成形是一种充分综合压力铸造的精确成形和锻造的高性能特点于一体的工艺,该工艺采用低速充型-高压铸造-精密锻造,使金属在高压下充型、结晶、凝固和变形,从而获得形状复杂、综合力学性能
较高的毛坏或零件,其特点是材料利用率高、制件内部气孔和缩孔等缺陷显著减少,晶粒细化和组织致密等,是使形状和性能得到双重控制的近净成形技术5-)。本文通过6061铝合金的铸锻复合成形试验,研究了锻压力对其组织及力学性能的影响。
1试验过程 1.1合金熔炼
采用100kg中频感应炉进行合金熔炼,加料前将炉温升至300℃,然后加人工业纯铝(99.7%,质量分数,下同),炉温升至750℃时加入AI-50%Cu(质量分数)中间合金和速溶硅(99.2%),然后搅拌均匀;待炉料全部熔化后,精炼除气,静置,除渣,加人少量覆
基金项目:广东省省部产学研结合项目(2010B090500010)。收稿日期:2012-11-01收到初稿,2012-12-11收到修订稿。
作者简介:影勇(1988-),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为铝、镁合金铸锻复合成形技术研究。E-mail:kcys2007@163.com