第53卷第1期 2017年1月
机械工程学报
JOURNALOFMECHANICALENGINEERING
DOI:10.3901/JME.2017.01.072
Vo1.53
No.1
Jan.
保持架不同引导方式下角接触球轴承
腔内气相流动分析
王亚泰闫柯朱永生洪军张优云
(西安交通大学现代设计与转子轴承系统教育部重点实验室西安
710049）
2017
摘要：滚动轴承高速运转时，轴承腔内空气流动加剧诱发漩涡及高压气障，影响油气输运及整体润滑性能。针对超高速时(4m 值>2.0x10°mm-rmin")角接触球轴承腔内的气相流动间题，考虑轴承结构特点、接触特征及运动边界，采用旋转坐标系定义组件运动，建立轴承腔内气相流动高精度分析模型，分析了在保持架不同引导方式下轴承腔内压力分布、气相流动与阻力，
压差急剧增大，外圈引导时轴承腔内流速、流阻、流动协同角最大，钢球表面动压明显。当转速超过3.0x10*rmin"时，轴承内圈接触区入口附近出现不同程度漩涡流动，导致接触区入口协同角增大，流动性能变差。该研究对超高速轴承结构设计、润滑结构及润滑参数优化具有重要的参考意义。
关键词：超高速球轴承：保持架引导方式：气相流动；流动性能中图分类号：TH133
InvestigationonInternalAirFlowPatternofAngularContactBallBearing
withDifferentCageGuidingApproaches
WANGYataiYANKeZHUYongshengHONGJunZHANGYouyun(Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System,
Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049)
Abstract: In condition of high rotation speed, air vortexes and high pressure air blocks will be induced by the enhanced air flow inside the rolling bearing cavity, which will have strong effect on the oil-air transportation and lubrication performance of the ball bearings. For angular contact ball bearing at ultra high speed (dμn>2.0x10° mm-r-min'), the air flow pattern is investigated in consideration of structure characteristics, contact feature and motion boundary. The rotating coordinate system is employed to denote bearing subassembly motions thus a high precise numerical model is achieved. The air pressure and temperature distribution, air flow pattern and resistance are discussed for different cage guiding approaches. Air flow and heat transfer performance, are evaluated via field synergy principle, especially for the key contact and lubrication areas. The results show that air pressure dramatically increases at ultra high rotation speed. The maximums of intermal flow velocity, resistance, synergy angle and dynamic pressure around the ball occur under outer ring guiding condition. When the rotating speed is higher than 3.0x10° r-min', new vortex appears near the
entrance of inner raceway contact area, which induces the increase of synergy angle and the decline of flow performance. Key words: ultra high speed ball bearing:cage guiding approaches:air flow pattem;fluid flow performance
滑介质难以有效进入接触区[1-2],导致润滑不良甚至
0前言
随着轴承极限转速的不断提升，轴承腔内气相流动加剧，内部不同部位空气压力差增大，使得润，国家自然科学基金(51275383)和国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划，2011CB706606）资助项目，20160215收到初稿，20160905收到修改稿
万方数据
摩擦失效等问题。研究表明，轴承各组件的运动[3] 保持架结构4以及润滑装置结构3等都对轴承腔内气流影响显著。由于轴承滚道曲率、球径等结构参数难以改动，近年来，NTN等轴承企业着力优化保持架结构及润滑单元，力求通过减弱内部气障，改善轴承润滑状态。
由于轴承结构特点以及运动边界的复杂性，很