第25卷第1期 2011年2月
现代地质 GEOSCIENCE
云冈石窟危岩发育的成因分析方云，陈星，刘俊红，陈勋，严绍军
（中国地质大学工程学院，潮北武汉430074）
Vol. 25Na.1
Feb. 2011
摘要：云冈石瘤发育危岩，在国内砂岩石中具有代表性；对云冈石窟危岩发育的成因分析，可指导砂岩类石瘤危岩的防治。采用工程地质的研究方法，从内在环境条件和外在环境条件两个层面，对云冈石癌区域危岩的发育条件进行系统分析。箱形向斜和断裂是云冈石瘤区域危岩发育的宏观构造成因，近东西向的张裂隙和北东向剪切裂隙直接控制石窟区域内危岩的发育。石窗陡崖的高差直接控制岩坡卸荷带的发育规模，也决定着危岩体的致灾能量。软硬相间的
用于岩体，导致危岩体稳定性不断劣化。人工开凿涡意破坏崖壁应力状态，是危岩失稳的影响因素。云冈石瘤危岩体
成因分析结果为指导危岩体防治提供了重要依据，对危岩体稳定性分析具有重要意义。关键调：云冈石瘤；工程地质；危岩；成因
中图分类号：TU457
文献标志码：A
文章编号：10008527(2011)01013705
AnalysisonCausesofPerilousRocksinYungangGrottoes
FANG Yun,CHEN Xing,LIU Jun-hong,CHEN Xun,YAN Shao-jun(Faculy of Engineering, China Unieersiy of Geocienees, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China)
Abstract: Perilous rock is one of the main geological hazards in sandstone grottoes, especially in Yungang Grottoes. The study on causes for perilous rocks is useful for prevention and cure of perilous rocks in sandstone caves. In this paper, the various influence factors of perilous rocks were analyzed in detail by engineering geolo gy method. Box-like synclines and fractures were macroscopic tectonic origins of perilous rocks.The near E-W tensile cracks and N-E shear fissures directly controlled the perilous rocks' evolution. The differences in height between cliffs directly controlled the development scale of the unloading zone of slopes, and determined the haz-ard energy of perilous rocks, and the differences in weathering of soft-hard altermate multilayers generated cliffs and cavity to form perilous rock's shape. Fissure waters and rainfalls directly affected the stability of perilous rocks. The stability of perilous rocks which had undergone long-term effects of freezing-and-thawing, tempera-ture differences and altemate drying-watering continued to be deteriorated, and engineering activities are the main triggering cause of the perilous rocks' instability. The result provides an important basis for prevention and
cure of perilous rock masses, and is valuable to analyze the stability of Yungang Grottoes. Key words:Yungang Grottoes; engineering geology; perilous rock; cause
0引言
460年的北魏文成帝时期，今已有近1550年的历史。千百年来，在自然及人为作用下，云冈石
世界文化遗产一云冈石富位于山西省大同瘤破坏严重。引起石质文物破坏的原因很多，涉市西约16km处的武周山上，现存主要洞瘤45及范围广而且复杂，破坏的类型也很多，总的来个，大小造像约51000尊。开凿时间约在公元说，可以分为两个大类：一类是由于自然界各种
收稿日期：2010-10-30；改回日期：2010-12-20；责任编辑：潘令枝。
基金项目：国家科技支撑计划项日（2009BAK53B03）；国家自热科学基金面上项目（40972183；40972186）。
作者简介：方云，男，教授，1955年出生，岩土工程专业，主要从事岩土工程和文物保护的教学和科研工作。
Email; chenxing020@126, com。