植物营养与肥料学报2016,22(4)：1111-1117 Jourmal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer
doi:10.11674/zwyf.14538 http: //www. plantnutrifert. org
从枝菌根（AM）真菌与共生植物物质交换研究进展
舒波，李伟才，刘丽琴，魏永赞，石胜友*
（中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所，农业部热带果树生物学重点实验室，广东湛江524091）
摘要：丛枝菌根（ArbuscularMycorrhizal，AM）真菌能与约80%的陆生植物形成共生关系，植、菌间矿质养分、碳水化合物的物质交换是自然界物质循环的重要内容。目前，AM真菌促进共生植物矿质养分吸收的研究相对较多。研究表明，AM真菌可通过根外菌丝更小的吸收直径，加强矿质养分的空间有效性；通过释放有机酸、土壤酶，活化土壤中被固定的矿质养分；通过根外菌丝上较低Km值的矿质养分转运蛋白，保证养分从土壤至根外荫丝的转运效率；通过矿质养分在菌丝内运输形式的改变，增强养分的运输速率；通过诱导共生植物矿质养分转运蛋白表达，提高植、菌间养分的转运效率。相较于AM真菌促进共生植物养分吸收，植物反馈真菌碳水化合物的研究相对较少。签于AM真菌与植物共生关系在生态系统中的重要作用，明晰植、菌间矿质养分和碳水化合物交换的具体场所（丛枝、根内菌丝、根外菌丝）、具体形式（离子、聚合物、氨基酸、薰糖、单糖）、具体过程（主动运输)具有重要科学意义。本文对AM真菌与共生植物物质交换的丛枝、菌丝双膜结构，氮（N）、磷（P）、糖等物质交换的具体形式以及跨双膜、耗能量、互耦连的物质交换过程进行综述，并从物质交换的场所、形式、过程三个方面提出了植、菌物质交换的研究方向。
关键词：矿质养分；碳水化合物；膜结构；转运蛋白
中图分类号：Q945.12；S154.34
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008505X(2016)041111-07
Progressonmaterial exchangebetweenarbuscularmycorrhizal(AM)
fungi and host plant: A review
SHU Bo, LI Wei-cai, LIU Li-qin, WEI Yong-zan, SHI Sheng-you'
(South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, CATAS, Zhanjiang/Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology,
Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, Chine)
Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can form symbiosis with 80% of terrestrial plant species. The aareoeoseaieaanosaeaaa whole ecosystem. Nowadays, there are many studies on the AM fungi promoting host plant mineral nutrient absorption. The AM fungi can enhance availability of mineral nutrients by small diameter of extraradical hyphae, activate soil nutrients by releasing organic acids and soil enzymes, ensure the efficiency of soil nutrition transport into extraradical hyphae by the lower value of Km nutrient transporter on extraradical hyphae, ensure the rate of nutrition transport in intraradical hyphae by converting nutrients ions to suitable forms, and promote the efficiency of the nutrition transport into host plant by inducing symbiotic plant nutrients transporters. However, the progress of plant feedback carbohydrate to fungi is few. As the important role of AM symbiosis in whole ecosystem, researches about the locations (arbuscule, intraradical hyphae and extraradical hyphae), the forms (ionic forms, polymer, amino acid, sucrose and monosaccharide） and the process （active transport） of the mineral nutrients and carbohydrate exchange are significant. This review summarizes the characteristics of membrane system of arbuscule and intraradical hyphae, the forms of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P) and carbohydrate within the exchange, and the process of exchange which relates to transmembrane, energy expenditure and N or P coupling with carbohydrate.
收稿日期：2014-11-25
接受日期：2015-05-25
网络出版日期：2015-07-17
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（31401818）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（1630062014006）资助。
作者简介：舒波（1985—），男，四川广安人，博士，助理研究员，主要从事果树菌根方面的研究。E-mail；bshbest@163.com
*通信作者E-mail：ssy7299@163.com
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