植物营养与肥料学报2014,20(2）：503-509 Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer
doi=10. 11674/zwyf. 2014. 0228
我国主产区紫花首著营养状况分析
何峰，韩冬梅，万里强，李向林*（中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所，北京100193）
摘要：为探究我国主产区紫花首猎营养现状以及生产中肥料使用的科学性，2012年5～6月，对我国紫花首猎主产区21个大田样地首初花期时的土壤养分、植物组织营养以及第一茬产草量和施肥管理情况进行测定和调研，对土壤和植物营养状况进行评价，对土壤和植物养分含量与产草量间的关系进行了分析。研究表明，紫花首主产区土壤以砂性为主，有机质含量低。紫花首组织中氮素营养处于充足水平，磷素(P)和钾素（K)普遍缺乏，微量元素中锌（Zn）、硼（B）、钼（Mo)元素缺乏。土壤中磷素和植物体内硼（B）、钼（Mo）和铁（Fe）含量与第一茬产草量显著正相关。施用氮肥地块有12个，磷肥有5个，钾肥有3个，没有有针对性施用微量元素肥料的地块。建
议在紫花首猎大田生产上控制氮肥施用，注重P、K肥的施用，有针对性地施用B、Mo等微量元素。关键词：紫花首猎：土壤养分：植物组织分析；肥料
中图分类号：S551+.9.6
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008-505X(2014)02050307
The nutrient situations in the major alfalfa producing areas of China
HE Feng, HAN Dong-mei, WAN Li-qiang, LI Xiang-lin'
( Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Seciences, Bejing 100193, China)
Abstract: In order to clarify the availability of soil nutrients and the nutrition situation of alfalfa plants ( Medicago sativa) in the major alfalfa producing area in China , soil and plant tissue samples were collected in 21 areas, the nutrient levels in both the soils and plant tissues in the early flowering stage of alfalfa were analyzed , and the first harvesting yields of grass and the reasonability of present fertilization were investigated from May to June 2012. The relationship between the nutrient supply and the yields was evaluated at the same time . The results show that the major alfalfa producing areas are mainly sandy soils with low levels of organic matter contents . The nitrogen (N) nutrition in alfalfa is sufficient, but phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are inadequate in general , and trace elements such as zinc (Zn), boron (B)and molybdenum (Mo)are often deficient. The P in soils, B, Mo and Fe contents in plant tissues are significant and positively correlated with the yield of the first harvesting (P <0. 05). Among the investigated fields, N fertilizers are applied in 12, P fertilizers in 5 and K fertilizers in 3 sites. Therefore, applications of P and K and trace elements B and Mo fertilizers should be taken as an effective way for the yields increase of alfalfa
Key words medicago sativasoil nutritionplant tissue analysis fertilizer
紫花首猎（MedicagosatiwaL.）是我国分布最广、栽培历史最久、经济价值最高的豆科牧草，被誉为“牧草之王”。紫花首猎对促进节粮型畜牧业发展和提高奶牛单产水平，保障牛奶品质具有重要
收稿日期：2013-03-19
接受日期：2013-06-28
作用。初步测算，每吨紫花首干草中含6kg磷素(P,Os）和26kg钾素（K,O）以及钙、镁、硫和其他微量元素。相对于其他作物，紫花首猎具有更高的营养需求，土壤的营养状况对紫花首藉的生长具有重要作用。充足的钾素营养不仅可以增强首著的
基金项目：“十二·五"国家科技计划项目（2011BAD17B01）；国家牧草产业技术体系项目（CARS-35-12）；中国农业科学院基本科研业务费
(2012ej-09）资助。
作者简介：何峰（1978一），男，北京顺义人，博士，助理研究员，主要研究方向草地生态与草地管理。E-mail；hefeng@eaas.en
*通信作者E-mail:Lixl@ iascaas.net.en;Tel:01062815997