植物营养与肥料学报2011.17(3）：539-544 Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science
保护性耕作对黄土高原南部地区小麦产量
及土壤理化性质的影响王改玲"，郝明德2·，许继光3，洪坚平
（1山西农业大学资源环境学院，山西太谷030801；2中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所，陕西杨陵712100；
3山西省农机局，山西太原030002）
摘要：以1992年设置于山西省临汾市尧都区的保护性耕作试验基地为基础，研究了长期保护性耕作对旱地小麦产量、土壤理化性质及削面水分含量的影响。结果表明，11年免耕覆盖和15年免耕覆益分别比传统耕作平均增产 19.2%和27.6%；率水年份增产率为5.2%和11.7%，雨干罩年份增产率高达85.0%和97.6%，表现为实施保护性耕作年限越长、越是干早，保护性耕作的增产效果越显着。保护性耕作能降低土壤容重，增加土壤孔隙度，提高土壤剖面水分含量和土壤贮水量，提高表层0一10cm土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效钾含量，但不利于有效磷含量的提高。11年免耕覆盖和15年免耕覆盖，表层0—10cm土壤有效磷含量比传统耕作降低6.8和6.3mg/kg，降低了 56.1%和51.9%，应注意磷肥的施用。
关键词：保护性耕作；黄土高原；早地；土壤理化性质；小麦产量
中图分类号：S157.4*2；S512.1.01
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008505X(2011)030539-06
Effect of conservation tillage on wheat yield and soil physicochemical
propertiesinthesouthofLoessPlateau WANG Gai-ling', HAO Ming-de2*, XU Ji-guang", Hong Jian-ping
(I Institute of Resource and Enwironment,Shanxi Agricultural Uninersity,Taigu, Shanti 030801, China;
2 Institude of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China; 3 Bureau of Agricultural Machinery of Shanxi Protince, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030002, China)
Abstract: On basis of the long-term conservation tillage experiment located in Yaodu Distract, Linfen City of Shanxi Province from 1992, effects of the conservation tillage on wheat yield of rainfed land, soil physicochemical properties and soil water storage were studied. The results show that compared with traditional cultivation (TC)， the average yields of wheat are increased by 19. 2% and 27. 6% in the 11-year-no tillage land with stubble incorpo-rating treatment (11y -NTS) and the 15-year-no tillage land with stubble incorporating (15y NTS) respectively, and the yields are increased by 5. 2% and 11. 7% in abundant precipitation year, while the yields are increased by 85. 0% and 97. 6% in dry-year. These results indicate that the effects of the conservation tillage on wheat yield are increased with the decrease of annual precipitation and the prolongation of implementing time; Soil bulk density is decreased, and soil total porosity, soil water content and water storage in the whole soil profile are increased under the conservation tillage. The contents of soil organic matter, alkali-hydro N and available K in O 10 cm soil layer are increased under the conservation tillage as well, However, the conservation tillage is not favor for the increase of available P, the contents of available P are decreased by 6. 8 mg/kg and 6. 3 mg/kg in the treatments of 11y-
收稿日期：2010-09-01
接受日期：2010-12-26
基金项目：山西农业大学博士后基金；国家重点基础研究发展计划（2009CB118604）；国家科技支撑计划重大项目（2011BAD31B01）；中国科
学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-424-3)；中国科学院知识创新T.程重大项目（KSCX-YW-09-07）)资助。
作者简介：王改玲（1971一），女，山西太原人，博士，副教授，主要从事土壤肥力与环境效应研究。E-mail：gailingwangyahoo.com.cn
●通讯作者Tel；02987012322，E-mail；mdhao@ms.iswe.ac.cn
本研究得到了临汾市尧都区农机局局长曹连生、总工程师古润生，保护性耕作试验区景希森等的大力支持和帮助，深表感谢。万方数据