植物营养与肥料学报2010,16(4)：846-851 Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science
减量施肥对保护地土壤养分淋失及
番茄产量的影响
何传龙12，马友华3，于红梅3，蒋光月12，李帆12，申卫平4，周维平4
（1安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所，安徽合肥230031；2安徽省养分循环与资源环境省级实验室；安徽合肥230031；
3安徽农业大学资源与环境学院，安徽合肥230036；4安徽省巢湖市居巢区农业委员会，安徽巢湖238000）
摘要：田间试验研究了减量施肥对巢湖沿岸的保护地土壤养分淋失及番茄产量的影响。结果表明，习惯施肥用量高，氮、磷、钾施用量分别为番茄养分吸收量的6.41、11.01、3.31倍，导致土填中一些中微量元素供应不足；减量施肥能提高番茄产量，而添加硫、硼、锌的改进减量施肥技术增产效果较好，分别比不施肥、习惯施肥、减量施肥增产20.0%、10.3%、8.9%。习惯施肥养分淋失明显，20—80cm土层NO；-N和有效磷含量分别比对照高 498.9、52.4kg/hm；改进减量施肥技术可使土壤NO，-N淋失量减少65.7%，有效磷并未向深层移动。因此，改进减量施肥技术是提高巢湖蔬菜生产基地的番茄产量，增加收人，减少氮、磷养分淋失，防止面源污染的平衡施肥技术。
关键调：番茄；减量施肥；保护地；养分淋失
中图分类号：S641.2；S606
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008-505X(2010)040846-06
Effect of reducing fertilizer application on soil nutrient leaching loss
andtomatoyieldinplastichouse
HE Chuan-long'-2, MA You-hua', YU Hong-mei’, JIANG Guang-yue'-2, LI Fan'2, SHEN Wei-ping",ZHOU Wei-ping
(I Soil and Fertilizer Institule, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031,China; 2 Anhui Protincial Key Lab of Nutrient Cycling and Resources and Enrironment, Hefei 230031, China; 3 College of Resourees and Enrironmental Science; Anhuri Agricultural University; Hefei 230036,China
4 Juchao District Bureau of Agriculture, Chaohu City, Chaohu, Anhui 238000, China
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of the reducing fertilizer application to the leaching of soil nutrients and the tomato yield in plastic house. The results showed that,the amount of N, P, K of the con ventional fertilization was high, which was 6. 41, 11. 01, 3. 31 times higher than that of tomato nutrient uptake re-spectively. Reduced fertilization increased the tomato yield compared to conventional fertilization. Due to excessive fertilization could maintain a high content of available N, P, K in the soil, resulting in an inadequate supply of trace elements, consequently, added S, B, Zn fertilizer could enhance tomato yield by 20. 0% , 10. 3% and 8. 9% compared to no fertilization, conventional fertilization and reducing fertilizer application, respectively. Leaching of NO, N and available P under conventional fertilization was significant, the contents in 20 80 cm soil layer were 498. 9 and 52. 4 kg/ha higher than CK, respectively. Reducing fertilizer application technology could reduce the leach out of NO, N by 65. 7% ,and available P by 100%. Thus the improved reducing fertilizer application was
recommended under experiment condition because of its economic and environmental benefit. Key word: tomato; reducing fertilizer application; plastic house; nutrient leaching
收稿日期：2009-09-08
接受日期：2009-11-24
基金项目：国家科技支撑计划项目"沿巢湖地区农田养分污染减控研究与示范"（2007BAD87B06）资助。作者简介：何传龙（1964一），男，安徽根阳人，研究员，主要从事土壤改良、平衡施肥技术研究。
Tel; 0551 2160243, E-mail; hcl60128@ yshoo, com. cn
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