
第36卷(2014)第2期
系统与附件
柴油机 Diesel Engine
Vol. 36(2014)No. 2
涡轮增压器转子系统的模态分析和临界转速计算
田文凯,房桐毅,王澄宇,王焱
(大连玉柴涡轮增压技术研发中心有限公司,辽宁大连116028)
摘要:对涡轮增压器转子系统分别采用三维实体模型法和一维架单元模型法进行了模态分析和临界转速计算,得到了其固有频率、临界转速及各阶振型。结果显示:三维实体模型法计算出的各阶振型与一维梁单元模型法得到的结果相同,但固有频率和临界转速略高于一维梁单元模型法得到的结果,说明三维实休模型的刚度大于一维架单元模型的刚度。对临界转速和滑动轴承油膜刚度的关系进行了计算,计算结果表明:刚度在一定范图内,临界转速避开了涡轮增压器的工作转速。
关键词:涡轮增压器;转子系统;模态分析;临界转速
中图分类号:TK423.5
文献标识码:A文章编号:1001-4357(2014)02-0027-04
ModalAnalysisandCritical SpeedCalculations
of TurbochargerRotorSystems
Tian Wenkai,FangTongyi,Wang Chengyu,WangYan
(Dalian Yuchai Turbocharging Technical R&D Center Co., Lid., Liaoning Dalian 116028)
Abstract: Using the method of three-dimensional solid model and one-dimensional beam element respec-tively to carry out modal analysis and critical speed calculations of turbocharger rotor system, its natural frequency, critical speed and the vibration mode were obtained. The results showed that the vibration mode calculated by three-dimensional solid model method was the same as the one calculated by one-di-mensional beam element modal, but the natural frequency and critical speed were slightly higher than the one-dimensional beam element model results, which meant that the stiffness of three-dimensional solid model was greater than the one-dimensional beam element model. Moreover, the relationship between the film stffness of sliding bearing and the critical speed was calculated, the results showed that within a cer-
tain range of stiffness, the critical speed was out of the turbocharger's operating speed range. Keywords: turbocharger; rotor system; modal analysis; critical speed
0引言
近年来,涡轮增压器已广泛地应用于汽车、火车、轮船的发动机上,以提高和改善发动机性能。各种发动机上使用的涡轮增压器工作转速相差甚大,如汽车发动机上使用的增压器转速在100000(r*min")以上,有时高达300000(r*min""),火车和轮船发动
机使用的增压器转速在30000(r*min")左右,大型低速船用主机的增压器转速甚至低于20000(rmin")。由于涡轮增压器转子的各零件材料不可能绝对均匀,再加上制造和安装误差,使得转子在旋转过程中会产生不平衡惯性力,当转速达到某一值时,转子的不平衡惯性力的频率接近转子的固有频率,转子的振动会加剧,此时的转速称为转子的临界转速。临界转速对
收稿日期:2013-07-30
作者简介:田文凯(1982-),男,助理工程师,主要研究方向为案油机增压技术,E-mail;Tianwenkai2006@126.com。