第41卷(2019)第1期结构与可靠性
柴油机 Diesel Engine
Vol.41(2019) No.1
喷油器控制阀空化现象可视化试验与模拟分析
石磊，许跃
（1.海军驻七一一研究所军事代表室，上海201108；2.七一一研究所，上海201108）
摘要：为了获得喷油器控制阀空化现象的直观流动图像，搭建了喷油器控制阀比例放大可视化试验台。采用高速摄像和长工作距离显微成像技术，研究了不同球阀升程和进口压力下控制阀区域空穴两相流动的特性。通过数值模拟的方法对试验得到的流动图像进行了双向验证。研究结果表明：控制阀区域的空化现象主要发生在球体表面、阀座锥面和进油孔处：空化数可以反映控制阀区域空化的强度；控制阀疲劳试验中气蚀环大于密封环的原因是球体表面发生强烈空化的区域比落座撞击区域靠上。
关键词：柴油机：喷油器：控制阀；空化：可视化试验
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1001-4357(2019)01-0030-06
中图分类号：TK423.8*4
Visualization Experiment and Numerical Simulation of CavitationPhenomenon in Fuel Injector Control Valves
Shi Lei', Xu Yue
(1. Naval Deputy Office of SMDERI, Shanghai 201108 ;
2. Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute , Shanghai 201108)
Abstract: An equal proportion visualization experiment rig of fuel injector control valves was set up , in order to obtain the visual fluid image of cavitation phenomenon in fuel injector control valves . The tech-nology of high speed camera with long working distance micro -imaging was applied to study the fluid characteristics of cavitation two-phase flow in ball valve with different lifts and inlet pressures . Mutually verification was carried out between the numerical simulation and experiment with regard to the fluid image. The experiment results showed that main cavitation area located at the surface of sphere , valve seat cone and fuel inlet orifice. Cavitation number could be used to reflect the intensity of cavitation in control valve. The main cavitation area of sphere surface located above the seal cone, which was the reason why the diameter of cavitation ring was larger than seal ring during the fatigue test of control valves Key words: diesel engine; fuel injector; control valve; cavitation; visualization experiment
0引言
柴油机近年来的技术发展趋势主要是采用高压共轨、四气门和涡轮增压中冷等技术1-2]。柴油机高压共轨系统（CRS）将高压燃油产生和喷油调节二部分功能分开，可使喷油压力不受转速和负荷的影响，并在各种工况下保持最佳值，提高系统的控
制柔性和精度，减少碳烟排放等3-4]。而高压共轨喷油器则是高压共轨系统中最核心的零部件，直接影响柴油机的性能。目前国外产品的轨压已达250 MPa级别，而国内尚处于150~200MPa级别。而提高轨压会带来如空化、气蚀等可靠性问题。
由于喷油器中燃油的流动速度快、压力大，喷油持续时间短，零部件尺寸微小等特点，研究实际
收稿日期：2018-06-08；修回日期：2018-1-26
作者简介：石磊（1982-），男，工程师，主要研究方向为船舶机电设备，sparkle9454@163.com，