第45卷第10期 2009年10月
机械工程学报
JOURNALOFMECHANICALENGINEERING
DOI：10.3901/JME.2009.10.266
Vol.45 Oct.
汽车一行人碰撞事故再现自动优化方法
申杰1金先龙1,2张晓云1陈建国3(1.上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院上海200240；
2.上海交通大学机械系统与振动国家重点实验室上海200240：
3.司法部司法鉴定科学技术研究所上海200063)
No.10 2009
摘要：为了提高事故鉴定的效率和客观性，提出基于数值仿真的汽车一行人碰撞事故再现的自动优化方法。该方法基于汽车一整体行人假人碰撞的多刚体动力学仿真，通过将仿真值与实测值进行比较，自动调整仿真输入，得到最优的碰撞初始条件，从而再现整个事故的全过程，针对不同类型事故的优化问题，分析相应的优化模型，提出以汽车碰撞速度或制动延迟时间为优化变量，以人体损伤为约束条件，利用行人和汽车的停止位置信息构成目标函数。由于采用序列线性规划法为优化算法，同时兼顾了基于人车停止位置和人体损伤的事故再现方法，所以能较好地适应人车础撞事故再现的非线性特点。利用商业化优化工具，应用上述方法对一起真实案例进行再现分析。并且，通过比对人体损伤的法医鉴定结果，以及目标函数响应面分析，验证该方法的可行性。
关键词：事故再现人车碰撞优化多刚体仿真中图分类号：U491.3
AutomaticOptimizationMethodforVehicle-pedestrianCollisionAccident
Reconstruction
SHEN Jie' JIN Xianlongl.2 ZHANG Xiaoyun' CHEN Jianguo3
(1.School ofMechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240;
2. State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240;
3.Institute of Forensic Sciences,Ministry of Justice,P.R.China,Shanghai 200063)
Abstract:To improve the efficiency and obiectivity of accident iudements, an automatic optimization method of vehicle-pedestriar accident reconstruction based on numerical simulation is proposed. In this method, the accident process is reconstructed based on full scale dummy multi-body simulation, and its initial conditions are automatically adjusted to optimum solution which can generate the best match between simulation and real accident data. For several types of pedestrian accident, the corresponding optimization model is presented in which the impact speed and/or the braking delay
are regarded as the design variables and the displacement of vehicle
and pedestrian is used to construct the objective function with the constraints of pedestrian injuries. Because sequential linear programming is used as the optimization algorithm and the optimization is based on rest position as well as pedestrian injury, the
accident reconstruction, Using the commercial software, the
above mentioned method is suitablefor the nonlinearity of pedestrian
method is applied to a real-world pedestrian accident in order to prove its feasibility. The simulation is compared with the autopsy report in terms of several pedestrian injuries, Also, the global response surface of the objective function constructed by a full factorial experimental design is used in the evaluation.
Key words:Accident reconstructionVehicle-pedestrian collision Optimization Multi-body simulation
的主要形式。近几年来，中国每年交通事故死亡人
0
前言
汽车一行人碰撞事故一直以来都是交通事故
*国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划，2007AA11Z234)、国家自然科学基金(50705058)和高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20070248113) 资助项目。20081222收到制稿，20090616收到修改确
数一直维持在10万左右，其中行人死亡人数占到总数的25%以上"]。由于对交通事故快速处理存在巨大需求，而且冲量/动量方法、变形/能量方法等常用的事故再现方法不能适用于行人事故，研究基于数值仿真的人车碰撞事故再现具有重要理论意义和实用价值。