
2018年第1期
DesignandResearch设计与研究
稀薄效应对径向气体轴承承载性能的影响
王喜刚
(大原工业学院机械工程系,山西太原030008)
摘要:基于超薄气膜润滑理论,通过引入微尺度条件下气体稀薄效应流量因子,推导考虑稀薄效应的气体
润滑轴承雷诺方程,并采用有限差分法对其进行离散求解,数值分析了不同偏心率、半径间隙以及转速对气膜压力分布、承载力的影响规律,并与未考虑稀薄效应的数值结果进行比较。结果表明:稀薄效应的存在并不会影响压力分布规律,其中气膜压力分布具有非线性,并沿着轴向呈抛物线状;最大压力及承载力随转速和偏心率的增大而增大,随着半径间隙的增大而减小;当考虑气体稀薄效应时,气膜各点压力水平及承载力相比于未考虑时有所下降;当半径间隙越小,偏心率越大时,气体稀薄效应越显著,最大压力及承载力的变化幅度也越明显。
关键词:气体轴承;稀薄效应;有限差分;承载力
中图分类号:TH133.3;TH117.2
文献标识码:A
DOI:10.19287/j.cnki.10052402.2018.01.015
Influence ofgas rarefaction effect on load capacity performance of gas-lubricated journal bearings
WANG Xigang
(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, CHN)
Abstract: Based on the theory of the molecular gasfilm lubrication, the Reynolds equation of the gas bearing was
deduced through introducing flow factor of the rarefaction effect under the microscale condition, and was dissociated by using the finite difference method. The influence of different eccentricity, radius gap and speed on the pressure distribution and bearing capacity was numerically analyzed and compared with the numerical results without the rarefaction effect. The results show that the presence of the rarefaction effect does not affect the pressure distribution, in which the pressure distribution is nonlinear and para-bolic along the axial direction. The maximum pressure and bearing capacity increase with the increase of speed and eccentricity, and decrease with the increase of radius gap. When considering the rarefaction effect, the pressure and bearing capacity are lower. When the radius gap is smaller and the eccentricity is larger, the rarefaction effect is more significant, and the change of maximum pressure and bearing ca-pacity is more obvious
Keywords: gas bearing; rarefaction effect; finite difference method; load carrying capacity
气体轴承由于具有运动精度高、摩擦损耗小、清洁无污染、结构筒单等优点,被广泛应用于航空航天、医疗器械、精密工程、电子精密仪器等领域1]。它是一种以气体作为润滑介质的新型轴承,由于气体的粘度较低且具有可压缩性,使得轴承的稳定性较差。因此,对于气体轴承微尺度条件下气膜流动特性的研究将成为垂待解决的关键问题。
由于空气静压轴承的间隙为微米量级,微尺度下的气膜流动状态将会发生改变,因此,传统的气体润滑*国家自然科学基金项目(51375019)
制造技术与机底万方数据
方程已经无法准确预测气膜流动特性,这主要是由于气体稀薄效应所造成的[2-3]。目前对于考虑气体稀薄效应轴承润滑性能的研究中,主要是通过一阶和二阶滑移速度边界对雷诺(Reynolds)方程进行修正,从而获得气体稀薄效应对轴承静动态性能的影响[4-5]。但是,对于稀薄效应中流量因子对气体轴承润滑性能影响的研究成果较少。
本文基于超薄气膜润滑理论,通过引入气体稀薄效应流量因子对可压缩气体润滑轴承Reynolds方程
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