
2013年第38卷第10期油断加工
中国油脂
甜否仁的超临界CO,萃取及产物分析
刘小锐,邸志星,苏晓娟,陈海娇
(新疆金鑫生物科技发展有限公司,新疆昌吉831100)
摘要:以新疆产甜查仁为原料,采用超临界CO,革取技术进行萃取并对所得产物查仁油的理化指标与脂肪酸组成,以及查仁粉中微量元素与氢基酸组成进行了分析测定。结果表明:在萃取温度 45℃,萃取压力33MPa,萃取时间5.5h,分离温度48℃的条件下,查仁油得率为46.44%;查仁油%%(6 蛋白质和微量元素,其中蛋白质含量为50.66%,钙含量为2655mg/kg,镁含量为3995mg/kg,铁含量为127mg/kg,锌含量为116.5mg/kg,锰含量为6.24mg/kg;查仁粉蛋白质中谷氢酸含量最高,为11.00%。
关键词:甜查仁;超临界CO,萃取;奇仁油;查仁粉
中图分类号:TS224.4;TQ644.1文献标志码:A
文章编号:10037969(2013)10000903
SupercriticalCO,extractionandproductsanalysisofsweetalmond
LIUXiaorui,DI Zhixing,SUXiaojuan,CHEN Haijiao
(Xinjiang Golden Fortune Biotechnology Development Co. ,Lid. ,Changji 831100,Xinjiang, China) Abstract : With sweet almond produced from Xinjiang as raw material,the almond oil was extracted by su-percritical CO, technology ,the physicochemical indexes and fatty acid composition of almond oil were de-termined,and the trace elements and amino acid composition of almond powder were analyzed. The re-sults showed that under the conditions of extraction temperature 45 °C , extraction pressure 33 MPa, ex traction time 5.5 h and separation temperature 48 °C, the yield of almond oil was 46. 44% ; almond oil was rich in oleic acid(70.98% )and linoleic acid (22. 93% ) , and the content of unsaturated fatty acids was up to 93.96% ; the almond powder was rich in protein and trace elements with 50.66% of protein, 2 655 mg/kg of calcium,3 995 mg/kg of magnesium,127 mg/kg of iron,116.5 mg/kg of zinc and 6.24 mg/kg of manganese; the content of glutamic acid was the highest in protein of almond powder and reached 11.00%.
Key words: sweet almond; supercritical CO, extraction; almond oil; almond powder
杏仁是蔷薇科落叶乔木植物杏或山杏等果实的种仁,按杏仁味差异可分为甜杏仁和苦杏仁两种口。我国杏仁资源丰富,主要分布于新疆、河北、辽宁、山东、陕西等省区(2)。其化学成分主要是脂肪、糖、蛋白质、微量元素等(3。杏仁油中含有大量不饱和脂肪酸,以油酸和亚油酸为主,占脂肪酸总量的90%以上[4]。此外杏仁油中还含有丰富的V 是一种很好的功能性食用油。脱脂杏仁粉中含有丰
收稿日期:2013-01-07;修回日期:2013-07-23
作者简介:刘小锐(1982),女,硕士,主要从事品质管理和特种油品的开发(E-mail)297197277@qq.com。
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富的营养成分,包含蛋白质和多种微量元素等[5-8]。
目前,制取杏仁油常采用的方法有压榨法、水代法、浸出法和超临界流体萃取法。杏仁油属于特种油脂,必须根据其特性选择既保持查仁油的天然品质又避免杏仁蛋白变性的合适的制取方法。超临界 CO,萃取技术具有提取温度低、效率高、无溶剂残留等传统工艺不可替代的优点,它既克服了浸出法在分离过程中需加热,油脂易氧化、酸败,存在溶剂残留等不足,又避免了压榨法产率低,油品色泽不理想的缺点[9-10]。
本文利用超临界CO,萃取技术萃取甜杏仁,对