14
天然气与石油 NTRALGAS ANDO
2017年2月
离心式压缩机在阻塞状态下的运行研究 RainerKurzRussellKMarechaleEdwardJFowlerMin JiMichael JCave
索拉透平公司，加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥92123
摘要：高心式压缩机偶尔会有在阻塞区或其附近运行的情况。通过建立阻塞状态下所允许的各种操作极限，在测试数据和模拟数据的基础上对离心式压缩机在阻塞区的运行状态进行了研究。考虑到机芯性能、轴向载荷、蜗壳特性以及径向载荷的变化。讨论了叶轮叶片的激振间题。对多级压缩机和双段压缩机在流量明显高于设计流量运行时，叶轮不匹配所造成的影响给出了特别的建议。压缩机过载运行范图的限制不仅影响操作灵活性，还要求配备更复杂的控制系统。讨论了高心式压缩机在阻塞状态下运行的气动、结构以及转子动力学的间题，提出了离心式压缩机在阻塞区可使用和不可使用的基本特性。
关键词：离心式压缩机；偏离设计工况的气动性能；轴向载荷；激振 D0I:10. 3969 /j. issn. 1006 5539. 2017. 01. 004
0 INTRODUCTION
前言
Centrifugal compressors are frequently used in the oil and gas industry in higher pressure applications [". One of the characteristics of applications in the oil and gas industry is the requirement to use the compressors over a wide range of operating conditions. The machines, usually speed con-trolled, are expected to operate from low flows near surge to very high flows near or in choke. Operation near surge as well as preventing compressors from surging, has drawn sig nificant amounts of attention (2), The potentially damaging effects of surging compressors are widely acknowledged.
离心式压缩机通常用于石油和天然气行业的高压环境]。其特征之一就是要求压缩机能适应较宽的运行条件。这些压缩机的转速通常是可调的，可由临近喘振的低流量运行至临近或处于阻塞的高流量。在临近喘振线区域运行和如何防止压缩机嘴振引起了大量的关注[2]。压缩机喘振带来的潜在破坏性影响已被广泛认可。
Operating compressors in the high flow region, i. e, at higher flows than at the best efficiency point, ofen referred
to as overload, choke or stonewall, has been identified by manymanufacturers as a region of operation that needs to be avoided [3]. Many compressor manufacturers will limit the operation of the compressors at high flows by defining a'choke limit' or 'sonic limit' on a compressor map, pro-hibiting the operation of the compressor at low pressure rati-os, This can require installation of additional throttle valves, or more complicated recycle and anti-surge valve selections, and thus impacts the cost of operation. But only a few papers are discuss the issue of compressor operation in choke[3-6], The present paper will focus in particular on the impact of ax-ial thrust loading analysis of the compressor running in choke.
压缩机通过流量高于最佳效率点对应的流量区域时，通常被认为过载、阻塞或石墙，并被制造商认为应避免此运行工况3]。许多压缩机制造商通过在压缩机性能曲线
运行，并阻止压缩机在低压力比的工况下运行。这可能需要安装额外的节流阀，或更复杂的回流及防喘阀的选型设置，进而影响运行成本。面阻塞状态下运行压缩机组带来的潜在问题很少讨论[3-6]。本文将重点关注阻塞状态下
收稿日期：2016-11-15
作者简介：RainerKurz(1960-），男，德裔美国人，系统分析经理，工学博士，主要从事涡轮机械及应用研究。万方数据