重庆医学2015年11月第44卷第31期
·调查报告，
［摘要]］
doi:10. 3969/j. issn. 1671-8348. 2015. 31, 026
重庆市主城九区3～6岁儿童忽视状况的调查分析
周晓军，蒋秋静，何券燕，肖年，张高东，林晓宁
（重庆市妇幼保健院保健部400013)
4399
1、了解重庆市主城九区3～6岁儿童的忽视状况。方法
采取分层随机抽样的方法，对重庆市主城九区18个
目的
衔道的1.316名3～6岁儿童，运用"中国3～6岁成区儿童视常模”进行问调查。采用SPSS13,0款件对不同年龄、性别、忽视
层面(身体、情感、教育、安全和医疗)的忽视率与急视度进行统计学描选与检验。结果
重庆市主城九区3～6岁儿童总息视率为
22.95%，总息视度为39.56士7.19，不同性别、各年龄组间儿童在忽视率和忽视度上差异无航计学意义（P>0.05)。儿童急视的5 种类型中，急视率为5.09%～10.64%，其中安全与身体息视的频率较高，分别为10.64%与9.50%；忽视度为36.94～41.24，教育、身体忽视的强度较大，分别为41.24士10.43与39.81±9.32。除各年龄组儿量情感息视度外，5种类型的息视率与其他4类的视度在各年龄组及男女重间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。儿童同时受视种类发生率在不同性别与各年龄组间差异均无统计学意义，所有儿童均以单项（即只在5种急视种类的任何一种）受急视为主，发生率13.68%，构成比59.60%。结论
重庆
市主城九区3～6岁儿童受到忽视的频率与强度均处于一般水平，除情感息视强度外，不同性别、各年龄的儿童受到息视的频率和强度相同：儿童安全与身体受到忽视的须率较高，教育、情感受到忽视的强度较大，所有儿童均以单项受忽视为主。
【关键词]
1、城区；儿童忽视；横断面研究
［中图分类号]
R173
[文献标识码］
A
［文章编号］1671-8348(2015)31-4399-04
Analysis of the current situation of child neglect among aged 3 to 6 year-old in the urban areas of 9 districts of Chongqing
Zhou Xiaojun,Jiang Qiujing,HeChunyan,Xiao Nian,Zhang Gaodong,Lin Xiaoning
(Department of Health Care,Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children,Chongqing 400013,China)［Abstraet]
ObjectiveTo investigate and analyze the situation of urban neglected children'aged 3 to 6 in 9: districts of
Chongqing. MethodsTotally 1 316 children were randomly sampled under stratification from 18 streets of 9 district of Chongqing. Based on the Child Neglect Norms used by China,prevalence of child neglect was identified and SPSS 13, O was employed for statis-tical analysis, Scores,frequency/degrees,age,sex and 5 types (physical, emotional, educational, safety and medical) of child neglect
on every group of the regions were calcuiated. Results
The average prevalence of child neglect for the 3 to 6 year-olds was
22. 95%,and the total degree was 39. 56±7. 19. No significant differences were found in the prevalence and degree of child neglect between males and females and among age groups (P<0, 05). The frequencies of child neglect for the five types were 5. 09% to 10. 64%,with the higher frequencies of safety neglect (10., 64%) and physical neglect. (9. 50%), The degrees of child neglect for the five types were 36. 94 to 41, 24,with the higher degrees of educational neglect and physical neglect(41. 24±10. 43,39, 81 ±9. 32
respectively). No significant difference
ere found in the frequency of the ty
No significant differences were found in the deg
males and females and among age group:
males and females and among age groups.
emotional neglect among age groups) between
eeof thetypes(withan exceptionon
were mainly involved in single item of negligence, with incidence
echildrenaged3to6
rates as 13. 68% and proportions as 59.60%.Conclusion
The frequenicy and degree of child neglect among children aged 3 to 6 in
the urban areas of 9 district of Chongqing were
medium,and similar between males andfemales and among age groups,except the
degree of emotional neglect, The children aged 3 to 6 had the higher frequencies of safety .and physical neglect, and the higher de grees of educational and physical neglect, The children aged 3 to 6 were mainly involved in single item of negligence,
[Keywords]
cities;child neglectjcross-sectional study
儿童忽视是指严重或长期地疏忽了对儿童基本需要（包括身体、营养、情感、安全、医疗、教育等)的满足，以致危害或损害了儿童的健康或发展，或在本来可以避免的情况下使儿童面对板大的威胁"，其危害具有长期性、累加性和周期性等特点(3)。儿童忽视是当今世界影响儿童身心健康的重要因索[]，亦是影响儿童发育的最常见形式")。有研究显示中国城区儿童忽视处于一个较高水平[3]，因此，为了解重庆市城区儿童忽视状况故开展此项调查。
1
资料与方法
1.1
一般资料
按照现况研究的统计学原理及国内文献报道
基金项目：重庆市卫生局医学科研项目[2011-2-306].
的3～6岁城区儿童调查结果[5-门计算，确定本次研究样本量为 1300人：采取分层随机抽样的方法，在重庆主城九区中，每个区利用简单随机抽样方法抽取2个街道，每个街道抽取1个居委。在每个居委中抽取3～6岁儿童70名作为调查对象。选择标准：(1)满足年龄3～6岁；(1)有明显身心疾；近一年与父母、或至少与父母中一方、或与本间卷应答人在一起生活；(3)城镇户籍人口，在调查街道居住1年以上。本次共发放间卷1371份，有效间卷1316份，间卷有效率为95.99%。在调查的1316名3~6岁儿童中，男童651名（49.47%），女童665 名（50.53%)；3岁儿童299名（22.72%），4岁儿童479名
作者简介：周晓军(1973一），副主任医师，硕士，主要从事妇幼保健流行病学研究。