植物营养与肥料学报2015,21（6）：1381-1388 Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer
doi 18.11674/zwyf.2015.0601 http：://www.plantnutrifert.org
国内外耕地培育的差异与思考
白由路
（中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京100081）
摘要：本文介绍了欧洲的种养一体化，北美的测土推荐施肥、休耕轮作、保护性耕作、法律限定以及环境约束下的基础、农业生产目标、耕地培肥理念、管理方式和环保理念的差异导致了国内外耕地培育方式的不同。耕地培育与施肥的关系不明确、耕地培育目标不清晰、耕地培育法规不健全是我国耕地培育的主要障碍。还探讨了我国现代良好耕地的定义，如何培育良好耕地，“耕地培肥”与“耕地培育”的概念等问题。提出了划分不同耕地功能区、制订严密科学的耕地质量指标体系、健全耕地培育法律法规体系、正确引导农民科学培肥耕地是我国耕地培育发展的方向。
关键词：耕地培育：培育模式；耕地质量；耕地功能
中图分类号：S158
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008505X(2015)06138108
OverviewofrurallandnurturesinChinaandabroad
BAIYou-u
( Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10008I, China) Abstract: The worldwide main models of farmland nurturing were overviewed in this paper , including the incorporated planting-culture model in Europe, the models based on soil testing and fertilizer recommendation, fallow and rotating, conservation tillage, legal limiting and rural cultivating restricted by environment in North America. The farmland nurture in China could be divided into the earlier period of eliminating restrain factors and the present stage of productivity comprehensive improvement since the founding of new China - The differences in basic soil fertilities, agricultural production targets , the idea of fertile farmland nurture , the management methods and the environmental risk control result in different ways in land nurture in China and abroad . The several hindrances in farmland nurture in China include the unclear concept in relationship about cultivation and fertilization, the illegible goal of nurture and the distempered regulations for cultivated land . It is discussed about the meaning of good arable land, about how to nurture farmland and on the concept of “the fertile farmland nurture" and "the farmland nurture". It is suggested that marking off the different function zones for cultivated land, formulating the cultivated land quality index system , establishing strict scientific regulations for cultivated land,correctly guiding the farmer to the nurture the cultivated land.
Key words:farmland nurturing;nurturing mode;farmland quality;farmland function
耕地是人类赖以生存的基础，尽管科学进步的速度超乎人们的想象，但人类的食物还主要直接或间接地来自土地，特别是耕地”。近年来，由于社会的高速发展，几千年来的耕地功能也发生着微妙的变化，目前耕地功能还不能被其它所替代，人们对
交稿日期：2015-05-29
接受日期：2015-07-08
基金项目：国家科技支撑计划项目（2015BAD23B02）资助。
耕地质量的担忧愈发强烈[2-3]，国内如此[4]，国外也同样如此。由于耕地的质量严重影响着人类的食物质量、环境质量和生态质量，目前世界各国对耕地质量的培育都十分重视5」，本文通过世界不同国家对耕地的功能定位、耕地的培育措施、耕地质量管
作者简介：白由路（1961一），男，河南温县人，研究员，长期从事植物营养与肥料、土壤养分精准管理的研究工作。E-mail：baiyoulu@caas.