植物营养与肥料学报201319(6）：1346-1355 Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer
doi=10.11674/zwyf.2013.0608
低锌旱地施锌方式对小麦产量和锌利用的影响李孟华1.2，王朝辉,2”，王建伟".2，毛晖1.2，戴健",2，李强"2，邹春琴”
（1农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室，陕西杨凌712100；
2西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，陕西杨凌712100；3中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京100193）
摘要：西北地区是我国典型的旱地低锌区。本文选择黄土高原中部两个典型地点，通过田间试验，在两个施氮水平下，研究了不施锌、土施锌、叶喷锌和土施+叶喷锌4种方式对冬小麦产量、锌的吸收和累积以及锌肥利用效率的影响。结果表明，不同施锌方式对小麦产量均无显著影响，但均提高了小麦子粒锌含量，提高幅度因施锌方式而异。与不施锌相比，叶喷和土施+叶喷锌肥可使小麦子粒锌含量提高40%左右，平均达到40mg/kg；单独土施锌肥虽使土壤有效锌提高3倍左右，但子粒锌含量无显著变化。叶喷锌肥的锌利用效率远高于土施和土施+叶喷处理，每公项喷施1kg锌可使小麦子粒锌含量提高6.70～13.04mg/kg：子粒锌利用率为6.02%～9.40%，达到土施锌肥的80倍左右：总锌利用率为19.78%～30.91%，是土施锌肥的132～221倍。施氮水平对小麦产量及锌肥利用效率均无显著影响。可见，在早地低锌区，与土施锌相比，叶喷是更加经济有效、环境友好的锌肥施用方式，是提高小麦锌营养品质切实可行的措施。
关键词：小麦；施锌方式；产量：锌含量；利用效率
中图分类号：S512.01;S143.7*2
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008-505X(2013)06134610
Effectof Zn applicationmethods onwheatgrainyield and Znutilization
in Zn-deficient soils of dryland
LI Meng+hua'.2, WANG Zhao-huil.2*, WANG Jian-weil-2, MAO Huil-2,
DAI Jian'., LI Qiang'2, ZOU Chun-qin
(I Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-enuironment in Northuwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China ; 2 College of Resources and Enuironmental Science, Northaest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxz 712100, China: 3 College of Resources and Emrironmental Science, China Agricultural Unirersity, Beijing 100193, China)
Abstract: Soil Zn deficiency and drought are serious stress factors limiting the Zn nutrition of crops in northwest China. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of soil application , foliar application and soil + foliar application of Zn on yield, Zn contents and accumulation in grain, and Zn use efficiency of winter wheat grown under two N rates at two locations in the middle part of Loess Plateau . Results show that Zn application does not increase the grain yield of winter wheat , but can increase the grain Zn contents . The increases are varied with the Zn application methods, the grain Zn contents are increased by about 40% , up to 40 mg/kg for foliar application and soil + foliar application , not significant with soil application , although the soil DTPA - Zn is triply increased. Zinc use efficiency of the foliar applied Zn is higher than those of the soil and soil + foliar applied Zn. Each one kg/ha foliar applied Zn is observed to be able to increase the grain Zn content by 6. 7013. 04 mg/kg. The grain Zn utilization and total Zn utilization efficiency are respectively 6. 02%9. 40% and 19. 78%-30. 91% for the foliar applied Zn, which are correspondingly 80 and 132-221 times more than those for the soil applied Zn. Nitrogen
收稿日期：2013-01-22
接受日期：2013-04-15
基金项目：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金；农业公益性行业科研专项经费项目（201303104，201103003）；西北农林科技大学"创新团队
建设计划"：国际锌协会项目（ZineNutrient InitiativeMD-86）资助。
作者简介：李孟华（1985一），男，山东临沂人，硕士研究生，主要从事旱地冬小麦锌营养的施肥研究。E-mail：Imhll@126.com
*通信作者Tel：02987082234，E-mail:w-zhaohui@263.net