植物营养与肥料学报2010,16(2)：327-333 Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science
保护地菜田土壤氨挥发损失及影响因素研究
习斌"，张继宗"，左强2，邹国元2，翟丽梅3，刘宏斌1*
（1中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，农业部作物营养与施肥重点开放实验室，北京100081：
2北点市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所，北京100097；3中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，北京100101）摘要：保护地过量施用氮肥是造成氮素氨挥发损失的主要原因。本文采用“密闭室间歇通气法"研究了常规施肥，常规+C/N、推荐施肥和单施有机肥4种施肥措施下保护地菜田土壤的氨挥发特性。结果表明：减少施肥量和秸秆还田技术能有效降低氮挥发损失；整个监测周期内，不同处理氢挥发量均较小，常规施肥处理损失量墩高，占总施氮量的0.73%，化肥氢对氨挥发的贡献率较大(大于70%），不同处理氮挥发损失量大小顺序为常规施肥>常规 +C/N>推荐施肥>单施有机肥；氮挥发监测周期内表层土壤(0—1em)pH值呈先下降后上升的趋势，下降幅度以常规施肥处理最大，约0.5个pH值单位；土壤pH值、0一1em土层铵态氮含量与氮挥发速率呈显若正相关（P< 0.05)。
关键词：氨挥发；氮挥发速率；保护地
中图分类号：S155.4*1；S153.6*1
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008505X(2010)02-0327-07
Study on the losing of ammonia volatilization and its influencing
factors on the protected vegetable fields' soil
XI Bin', ZHANC Ji-zong' , ZUO Qiang , ZOU Guo-yuan’, ZHAI Li-mei?, LIU Hong-bin'
(I Agricultural Resource and Regional Planting Institute, CA4S/Key Lab of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Bejing 100081, China; 2 Institute of Plant Nutrition and Natural Resources, BAAFS, Bejing 100097, China; 3 Geological Sciences and Resources Institude, CAS, Bejing J00101, China）
Abstract: Ammonia volatilization is largely due to the excessive input of organic and inorganic nitrogen, Characteristics of ammonia volatilization under dfferent fertilization measures， such as conventional fertilization (CON), conventional fertilization added with wheat straws (CNC), recommend fertilization (REF), and fertilization of organic manure only(OM), was studied by means of intermittent ventilation chamber in the protected vegetable field. Results show that am-monia volatilization is significantly decreased by reducing nitrogen fertilizer and retuming the wheat straw to field Throughout the whole monitoring period, the amount of ammonia volatilization for all of treatments is generally quite low, The nitrogen volatilization under conventional fertilization was the highest and account for 0.73 % of total nitrogen appli-cation. More than 70% of ammonia volatilization is originated from chemical nitrogen fertilizer. The order of ammonia volatilization under different treatments is as follows: CON > CNC > REF > OM, During the monitoring period, the ten dency of topsoil (O 1 cm) pH is decreased first and then increased. The biggest dropping range of pH (about 0.5 units) was observed in the CON treatment, Both of the surface soil's (O 1 cm) pH value and content of NH -N are positively correlated with ammonia volatilization rate（P< 0.05).
Key words: ammonia volatilization; ammonia volatilization rate; facility soil 收稿日期：2009-03-02
接受日期：2009-0701
基金项目：国家高技术研究发展计划(2008AA06Z313)：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2005CB121101)资助。
作者简介：习斌（1982-），男，河北石家庄人，硕上研究生，主要从事施肥与环境方面的研究。E-mail:xibimn@163.com
*通讯作者Tel:01082108763，E-mail;hbliu@csas.ae.en
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