植物营养与肥料学报2011,17(3)：718-723 Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science
EM对连作大蒜根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响刘素慧"，刘世琦*，张自坤'，尉辉12，张宇，马琳"，杨晓建"，窦娟3（1山东农业大学园艺学院，作物生物学国家重点实验室，农业部园艺作物生物学重点实验室，山东泰安271018；
2山东农业管理干部学院，山东济南250100；3山东临沂兰山区农业局，山东临沂27600）
摘要：采用盆赖试验，研究了EM（EfectiveMicroorganisms）对连作大幕不同发育期干物质累积量，土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响。结果表明，与对照相比，EM对土壤细菌、真菌和过氧化氢酶活性促进率随大荐发育期均呈现先升后降的趋势，在蒜募伸长期达到最大值；对硫化细菌和酚分解菌促进率墩大值均出现在鳞茎膨大期；对氨化细菌和硝化细菌的促进率最大值分别出现在分化期和幼苗期。EM对放线菌、土壤多酚氨化酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性促进率随发育期的延长而呈现持续上升的趋势。EM处理有利于改善土填微生物群落结构，提高土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性，增加十物质的累积量。
关键词：EM；连作；大蒜；土壤微生物；酶活性
中图分类号：S633.4；S154.3
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008-505X(2011)03-0718-06
Impactofeffectivemicroorganismsonmicrobialcommunitiesand enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil of continuously cropped garlic
LIU Su-hui', LIU Shi-qi'' , ZHANG Zi-kun', WEI Hui'-2, ZHANG Yu', MA Lin', YANG Xiao-jian', DOU Juan(I Cllege of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural Unitersity/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Ministry of Agriculnure Key Laboratory of HorticulturalCrop Biology, Taian, Shandong 271018, China; 2 Shandong Agricultural Administrators College
Jinan 250100, China; 3 Lanshan District Bureau of Agriculture, Linyi, Shandong 27600)
Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of effective microorganisms(EM) on dry matter accumulation, microbial communities and enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil of continuously cropped garlic at dif-ferent growth stages. The number of bacteria and fungi and the soil catalase activity initially increased and then decreased, and the maximum values were observed at the stem elongation stage. The maximum promotive effects of EM on sulfur bacteria and phenol-decomposing bacteria were observed at the bulb enlargement stage, and on ammo nifying bacteria and nitrifying bacteria at the differentiation stage and seeding stage, respectively.The positive effect of EM on the quantity of actinomycetes and the activity of polyphenol oxidase, urease and phosphatase increased progressively and significantly with advancement of garlic growth. The soil microbial community struc ture, microbial populations, soil enzyme activities and dry matter accumulation were improved by use of EM.
Key words: effective microorganisms; continuous cropping; garlic; soil microbial communities; enzyme activities
大幕（AlliumsatirumL.）是重要的加工原料和出口创汇蔬菜""。随着生产的不断发展，大蒜主产区的连作现象也日益严重，连作障碍已成为大募生产中垂待解决的一大难题[2]。前人从土壤
收稿日期：2010-0628
接受日期：2011-01-19
微生态角度对缓解作物连作障碍进行过探索。如汪立刚等[3]研究表明，土壤灭菌能有效解除连作障碍的不良影响，并能显著提高重、迎茬大豆产量。吴风芝等[4]研究也表明，土壤灭菌后黄瓜生
基全项目：国家公益性行业（农业)科研专项经费项目（200903018)；山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题"葱姜蒜安全生产关键技术"资助。 08
+通讯作者 Tel; 05388246818, E-mail; liusq9@sdau.edu. cn
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