植物营养与肥料学报2011,17(3)：600-607 Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science
畜禽有机肥氮、磷在红壤中的矿化特征研究杨蕊2，李裕元2*，魏红安2，高茹2，石辉1，吴金水2
（1西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院，陕西西安710055；
2中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所，亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室，湖南长沙410125）
摘要：选用腐熟的猪粪、鸡粪和第四纪红土发育的典型红壤为试验材料，通过室内培养试验，研究了土壤中矿质氮(NO;-N和NH:-N)及Olsen-P的动态变化。结果表明，有机肥中氮和磷的矿化具有不同特征。氮在红壤中的矿化阶段为：前4周缓慢释放，矿化速率为N0.29～0.46mg/(kg·d)；4～10周快速释放，矿化速率为N0.60~ 0.71mg/(kg·d)；10~15周级慢下降，矿化速率为N-0.20~=0.09mg/(kg·d)；而磷的矿化释放则主要发生在第3周。施用备禽有机肥可以显着增加红壤中矿质氮和Olsen-P的含量，但施肥量对有效氮磷的释放过程无显著影响。连续培养15周，鸡粪矿质氮释放率(15.6%～18.3%）与猪粪的(14.8%～16.9%）接近，而猪粪的有效磷释放率(34.0%~41.6%）显著高于鸡粪的（30.2%～37.8%）。表明有机肥施人土壤后，经过15周仍会有 60%～80%未被矿化或矿化后被重新固定的氮、磷残留在土壤中。
关键词：畜禽有机肥：氮矿化速率；矿质氮；有效磷；氮磷释放率；红壤
中图分类号：S141.3；S147.2
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008505X(2011)03-0600-08
Study on the nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization of
livestockandchichkenmanureinredsoil
YANG Rui'2, LI Yu-yuan?, WEI Hong-an'-2, GAO Ru’, SHI Hui'', WU Jin-shui?
(1 College of Ensironment and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; 2 Laboratory for Agro-Eeological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of
Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China)
Abstract: A laboratory incubation experiment was conducled using composted chicken and pig manures and red soil which derived from Quaternary red clay. The dynamic changes in mineral nitrogen (NO, N and NH, N) and soil available phosphorus ( Olsen P) were studied under different manure application rates. Results showed that the mineralization of N and P significantly differed. The N mineralization phases were: slow release stage in the ini tial 4 -week with mineralization rates (MR) N 0. 29 0. 46 mg/( kg · d) ; rapid release stage from 4 through 10 weeks with MR N 0. 60 0. 71 mg/( kg · d) and slight decline stage from 10 through 15 weeks with MR N 0. 20 0. 09 mg/(kg · d). The release of available P mainly occurred in the third week. The application of chicken and pig manures could markedly increase soil mineral N and Olsen-P. However, the impacts of application amount on N and P release processes were negligible. Through 15 week incubation, the release ratio of mineral N for chicken manure ranged from 15. 6% to 18. 3% , which was close to that of pig manure by 14. 8% to 16. 9% . As respect to the release ratio of Olsen-P, the values of 34. 0% -41.6% for pig manure were greater than those of 30.2% 37. 8% for chicken manure. This suggested that 60%80% of the applied manure N and P, which have not been mineralized or re-fixed in soil, were remained in the soil after 15 week application.
Key words: chicken and pig manures; nitrogen mineralization rate; mineral nitrogen; available phosphorus;
N and P release ratio; red soil
收稿日期：2010-10-01
接受日期：2010-12-29
基金项目：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目（KZCX2-YW-437)；国家外国专家局项目(20100491005-8）资助。作者简介：杨器（1985—），女，陕西西安人，碳七研究生，主要从事环境生态方面的研究。E-mil：yangui504@163.com
*通讯作者 E-mail; liy@ isa.ac.en； shihui06@ 126.com 万方数据