
植物营养与肥料学报2010,16(6):1319-1324 Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science
不同氮效率基因型冬小麦生理特征的比较研究
张洋12,张继',强晓敏",翟丙年1*,王朝辉
(1西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100;2青海省农林科学院土壤肥料研究所,青海西宁810016)摘要:采用田间小区试验,通过对两个不同氮效率基因型冬小麦小偃22(XY22)和小候6号(XY6)产量和构成因素,氮素吸收利用效率以及关键生育期的硝酸还原酶、叶水势、叶绿索含量等生理指标测定,探讨了其对氮素利用的差异及其机理。结果表明,不施氮处理,子粒产量、硝酸还原酶活性、叶水势、叶绿素含量明显降低,而施氮后明显提高;氮素吸收利用效率、叶水势、叶绿素含量在施N150kg/hm时保持在较高水平。两个基因型中,小偃22比小偃6号的生理代谢更加旺盛,施氮加强了这种作用,这可为进一步选育氮高效利用型小麦品种提供科学依据。
关键词:冬小麦基因型;氮效率;产量;生理特征
中图分类号:S512.1.01
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1008-505X(2010)06-1319-06
Comparative study on physiological characteristics in winterwheat
with different nitrogen use efficiency
ZHANG Yang'2, ZHANG Ji', QIANG Xiao-min', ZHAI Bing-nian'', WANG Zhao-hui
(I College of Resources and Enrironmental Science, Northwest A& F Unipersity, Yangling, Shannzi 712100, China; 2 Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural Forestry Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810016, China)
Abstract: A field plot experiment was conducted to study the physiological characteristic of winter wheat with dif ferent nitrogen use efficiency Xiaoyan 22(XY22)and Xiaoyan 6(XY6)by measuring yield,,yield components and nitralte reductase enzyme activity, leaf water potential and chlorophyll content at different key stages. The re-sults showed that the yield, nitrate reductase enzyme activity, leaf water potential and chlorophyll content were re duced significantly under no nitrogen application. But under the condition of nitrogen application, they were signifi cantly increased. Leaf water potential and chlorophyll content of winter wheat leaf could be kept at high level with N 150 kg/ha application. Comparing two type genotypes, the physiological activity of XY22 was more exuberant than XY6, nitrogen application strengthened this function furthermore. These results will provide the scientific basis for further selecting and breeding the genotypes with higher nitrogen use efficiency.
Key words: winter wheat genotypes; nitrogen use efficiency; yield; physiological characteristic
氮素是作物生长发育最关键的营养元素之一,也是旱地土壤中最易缺乏的元素之一[]。施用氮肥是促控小麦生长发育的重要手段之一[2-4]。但是,目前氮肥的利用率只有30%~50%,这不仅造成资源的极大浪费,而且进人环境后,造成严重的生态环境污染和破坏。因此,降低氮肥施用量,提高氮肥利用率,减少其对生态环境的污染和破坏已成为
收稿日期:2009-0830
接受日期:2010-06-04
氮肥合理施用的目标。针对氮肥施用存在的问题,国内外已经开展了较多的研究(5-6)。研究表明,不同作物品种间在吸氮能力上存在显著差异,且对氮肥的反应特性也表现出明显的不同。因此,利用其遗传特性,筛选氮高效利用基因型是实现农业高产稳产及可持续发展和减少环境污染,降低投入成本等方面的有效途径。利用作物本身的遗传特性筛选
基金项目:国家支撑计划项目(2008BADA4B09);国家自然科学基金重点项目(30230230);校"青年学术骨干"人才专项基金(01140305)资助。作者简介:张洋(1984-一),男,陕西两安人,硕士研究生,主要从事早地作物氮索高效利用基因型差异的生理机制研究。
E-mail: yangh123@163.com。
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