植物营养与肥料学报2014,20(2）：510-516 Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer
doi=10.11674/zwyf.2014.0229
灌施醋液对士壤性质和植物生长的影响
李忠徽'，王旭东",2*
（1西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，陕西杨凌712100：2农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室，陕西杨凌712100）
摘要：本研究以木醋液为研究材料，采用培养试验的方法，研究了灌施不同稀释倍数的木醋液对楼土性状（pH、电导率、土壤结构、有机碳）和辣椒生长的影响。结果表明，灌施木醋液后土壤pH随灌施量的增大而降低，EC值随灌施量增大而升高；灌施木醋液（稀释倍数小于5倍)能够显著提高土壤有机碳的含量，可增加≥2mm、0.25～2 mm级别土壤团聚体的数量，有利于大团聚体的形成。生物试验表明，稀释5倍以下的木醋液对辣椒产生毒害作用，稀释50倍以上的木醋液可以促进辣椒生长，并增加其产量。综合考虑，建议在农田休闲季节灌施木醋液的稀
释倍数为3～5倍左右，在作物生长季节灌施木醋液的稀释倍数为50～250倍。关键词：木醋液：楼土；有机碳：土壤结构；辣椒
中图分类号：S158.3
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008505X(2014)020510-07
Effect of wood vinegar on soil properties and plant growth
LI Zhong+hui', WANG Xu-dong'-2-
(I College of Resources and Enuironument, Northuwest A&F University,Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China :
2 Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-enirornment in Northueest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China) Abstract: Wood vinegar is an organic mixture which comes from condensation and separation of by products of wood procession. Wood vinegar is acidic in property and contains over 5oo kinds of organic compounds , benefiting the growth of plant and increasing the resistance to diseases . A series of pot cultivation experiments were carried out to study the effects of wood vinegar on Lou soil properties (pH, EC, organic matter content, and structure) and pepper growth. The results show that soil pH is decreased and soil EC is increased with the increase of adding amount of wood vinegar to soil. Applying wood vinegar with dilution of less than 5 times could increase soil organic C content, contribute to the formation of aggregates of ≥2 mm and 0.252 mm size classes. However, applying wood vinegar with dilution of less than 5 times harms the growth of pepper and even lead the death of pepper plants . Applying wood vinegar with dilution of more than 50 times promotes the growth and increases the yield of pepper Therefore, irrigating wood vinegar with dilution of 3-5 times is recommended during fallow periods , dilution of 50-250 times during crop growth season.
Key words wood vinegar Lou soil soil organic carbonsoil structure pepper
木醋液是把木材及木材加工剩余物在碳化或干馏过程中产生的烟气经冷凝回收分离后获得的有机混合物"。在生物质炭的制备过程中会产生大量的木醋液，其主要成分是水（含量为80%～90%），其次是有机酸、酚类、醇类和酮类等约500种有机成分[2,3]。其中，有机酸类物质往往占有机成分的 50%以上，主要包括乙酸、正丙酸、丁酸和正戊酸
收稿日期：2013-04-22
接受日期：2013-08-29
基金项目：“十二五"国家科技支撑项目（2012BAD14B11）资助。
（乙酸含量最多）4]。西方国家及日本对木醋液的应用较早，我国对其开发和应用研究始于20世纪 80年代末期。木醋液可作为植物生长促进剂、土壤改良剂、抗菌剂、杀虫剂、驱避剂、消臭剂、饲料添加剂、有机肥发酵剂来使用[5.6]，但受浓度和组成的影响，具有促进和抑制双重功效了。从木醋液对植物生长的作用机理上来讲，它主要通过调节植物
作者简介：李忠徽微（1987—），男，四川莅溪人，硕士研究生，主要从事有机肥研究。E-mail：lizhonghui1011@126.eom
*通信作者E-mail：wangxudong01@126.com