植物营养与肥料学报2010,16(4)：874-879 Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science
不同施肥长期定位试验地夏玉米冠层
光谱特征研究
张俊华12，张佳宝2*，钦绳武2（1宁夏大学新技术应用研究开发中心，宁夏银川750021：
2封丘农田生态系统国家试验站，土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室，中国科学院南京土壤研究所，江苏南京210008）摘要：以黄准海地区典型冬小麦-夏玉米轮作区的长期定位施肥试验为研究对象，筛选对氮、磷、钾三种营养元素及产量最敏感的波段和生育期，为监测不同时期作物营养胁迫情况和估产提供依据。系统分析了氮、磷、钾单一养分缺乏和两种或两种以上营养元索同时缺乏时典型生育期夏玉米冠层反射光谱特征、收获后秸秆和子粒氮、磷、钾及产量的变化规律。结果表明，缺素使冠层光谱反射率在可见光波段增加，在近红外波段降低。作物秸秆、子粒含氮量和含钾量及产量与可见光波段反射率呈负相关，与近红外区域760～1300nm反射率呈正相关：秸秆含磷量与各反射率的相关性不明显，子粒含磷量与冠层光谱之间无明显规律。整体上，560和810nm分别为收获期作物含氮量在可见光和近红外两个区域的数感波段，开花期为夏玉米氮款诊断的敏感时期：夏玉米钾素在可见光和近红外区域的敏感波段分别为680和810nm，拨节期为诊断钾素的敏感时期。整个生育期各单波段反射率与产量均呈极显著相关关系，拨节期关系最密切。说明在明确主导养分限制的前提下，利用作物冠层光谱来监测氮素和钾素的丰缺以及准确估产是可行的。
关键调：长期施肥定位试验；夏玉米；冠层光谱
中图分类号：S513.01；Q947
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008505X(2010)040874-06
Spectral reflectance characteristics of summer maize
under long-term fertilization ZHANG Jun-hua'-, ZHANG Jia-bao*, QIN Sheng-wu
(1 The Applied Research and Development Center for Nee Technology of Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; 2 State Experimental Station of Agro-Ecosystem inFenggiu/ State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture/
Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences，Nanjing 210008,China)
Abstract: Aimed to provide the theory gist for monitoring nutrient stress at different stages and assessing yield, a long term fixed fertilization experiment was conducted to select wavelengths and growth stages which were sensitive to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and yield in Huang-Huai-Hai area where winter wheat and summer maize crop were rotated. The canopy spectral reflectance at typical growth stages, N, P, K content in stalk and grain, and yield at harvest stage under different nutrients levels was analyzed. The results showed that canopy spectral reflec-tance were increase at visible light and decrease at infrared scope under nutrient-deficient state. N, K in both grain and stalk and yield was negatively correlated to the reflectance of visible light(expect for 460nm), but positively correlated to between infrared scope(7601300 nm). The correlation between P content in stalk and crop spectral was reversed to that of N, P and yield. P content in grains has no correlation to crop spectral. On the whole, wave lengths at 560 and 810 nm were sensitive to crop N content at harvest stage and anthesis was the critical stage for N
收稿日期：2009-08-10
接受日期：2010-01-15
100098（006
作者简介：张俊华（1977—），女，宁夏中卫人，博士，讲师，主要从事数字农业方面的研究。Tel：0951-2062518，E-mail；zhangjunhua728@163.com
通讯作者Tel;02586881228，E-mail; jbzhang@iss88.ac.cn
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