植物营养与肥料学报2013,19(1)：214-222 Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science
doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2013.0126
不同有机肥处理对黄冠梨生长及果园
土壤性状的影响
谢凯，宋晓晖，董彩霞·，徐阳春（南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院，江苏南京210095）
摘要：为探明不同有机肥对梨树生长和果园土壤生物性状的影响，通过田间小区试验研究了不施肥处理（CK）、传统施肥（TF）、生物有机肥（BOF）、鸡粪堆肥(CM)及有机无机复混肥（CF)对黄冠梨树地上部生长、产量和品质、土壤微生物量碳氮和矿质态氮含量动态变化的影响。结果表明，（1)各处理均增加了叶面积、百叶重及新梢长度，果
和产量分别增加了17.4%和33.9%；（2）与CK和TF相比，其它有机肥处理在整个生育期均增加了土壤微生物数量及微生物量碳氮含量，且两者呈先增加后下降趋势；（3)梨园土壤中的矿质态氮以硝态氮为主，从萌芽期至二次膨大期各施肥处理矿质态氮含量逐渐下降，降幅为78.9%～88.7%，成熟期BOF处理的土壤矿质态氮含量高于其它处理。可见，施用有机肥可以促进树体生长，提高土壤微生物数量，改善土壤供氮特性。
关键词：黄冠梨；有机肥；土壤；微生物：果实品质
中图分类号：S661.2
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1008505X(2013)010214-09
Effectsofdifferentorganicfertilizersontreegrowthand
soil property in Huangguan pear orchard XIE Kai, SONG Xiao-hui, DONC Cai-xia', XU Yang-chun
( College Resotrces and Enironmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)
Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of different organic fertilizers on pear tree growth and soil biological aaee aboveground growth, yield, quality of pear and changes of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and mineral nitrogen in Huangguan pear orchards. There were five fertilizer treatments, no fertilization (CK), traditional fertilizer （TF), bio-organic fertilizer （BOF)， chicken manure compost （CM） and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (CF). The results show that the applications of organic fertilizer enhance the leaf area, weight of 100 leaves and length of new shoots. Meanwhile, the contents of fruit soluble solid and soluble sugar and ratio of total ees treatment of BOF are increased by 17.4% and 33.9%, respectively compared with the CK. Dfferent organic fertilizer treatments could improve the soil microbial quantity and contents of soil microbial biomass carbon ( SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) in the whole growth period compared with the CK and CF. The mineral nitrogen is mainly made up of nitrate and it decreases gradually from the germination stage to the second expanding stage in different fertilizer treatments. At the maturity the content of nitrate in the treatment of BOF is significantly higher than those of the other treatments. In summary, the application of organic fertilizer could
promote tree growth,improve soil microbial quantity and ameliorate soil nitrogen supply. Key words: Huangguan pear; organic fertilizer; soil; microorganism; fruit quality
收稿日期：2012-4-18
接日期：20120806
基金项目：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-29-15)资助。
作者简介：谢凯（1987—），男，江苏泰兴人，硕士研究生，主要从事梨树矿质营养研究。Tel；0512-67161705，E-mail；xiekai007007@163.com
*通信作者 Tel;02584396393E-mail; exdong@ njau.edu.cn
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