第42卷第12期 2012年12月
涂料工业
PAINT & COATINGS INDUSTRY
水性聚氨酯的阻燃改性及性能研究
张洪磊（东南大学化学化工学院，南京211189）
要：选用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）
磷协同阻燃的原理.将N.N
轻
究发现阻燃剂含量对乳波稳定性、教径、机 6%时，乳液的稳定性逐渐变差
与此同时DSC及TG实验结果表明R 高。与没有添加阻燃剂的软、硬段分象度变化不大，而硬段分解温度最大可增加
明N.N
羟乙基
亚酸酸甲脑
2.2
Vol.42No. 12
Dee.2012
双（羟甲基）丙酸（DMPA）为主要原料，利用象
乙酯导人到聚氨酯分子链中制备阻燃型水性聚氢酯乳液。研
当阻燃剂含量由0增加到
新裂伸长率则呈现出先增加后减小的现象
受，聚氨酯软、硬段的热分解温度均升
剂后，其软段分解温
1到33%34%租33%
用微制，
这些结果一方面说
方面在3%后继续提高阻燃剂含量对氧指数
的影响不大。综合上述结果，最优化的阻燃剂配比是阻燃剂含量为2%~3%
关键词：水性聚氨氮酯：阻燃剂：亚磷酸二乙酯
中图分类号：TQ637.8
文献标识码：A
文章编号：02534312(2012)12002906
Flame-RetardantModificationofWaterbornePolyurethane
and Determination of Its Properties
Zhang Honglei
(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Southeasr Unieersity,Nanjing 21189,China)
Abstract: The aliphatic isocyanate (isophorone disocyanate, IPDI) and poly(1,4 - butylene adipate)(M, = 1 O00) were employed for the preparation of aqueous PU emulsion by using dihydroxymethyl malonic acid (DMPA) as the anionic stabilizer, which was further modified by using (N, N - dihydroxyethyl methyl amine) diethyl phosphite (DHMADP) as the flame - retardant component of hard segments. It was ob-served that the P content affected both the stability of emulsion and the mechanical performance of film made from the emulsion. When the flame retardant content increased from O to 6% relative to the total amount of PU, the stability of emulsion was decreased, correspondingly the tensile strength of PU film decreased and the elongation at break was increased to 3% , then decreased. Results of DSC/TC tests indicated that with the increase of flame retardant content, the thermal decomposition rate of PU film decreased, and the ther-mal decomposition temperature of both the soft segments and the hard segments increased. Compared with the decomposition temperatures(200 °C, 310 C ) of soft and hard segments without flame retardant, the de-composition temperature of soft segment changed little when adding flame retardant 2% , 3% 4% and 5% , but that of hard segment increased up to 425 C , and the LOI of it increased to 33% , 34% and 33%. All these results indicated that the DHARDP was an effective flame retardant and its optimum dosage was be-tween2%~3%
Key Words: waterborne polyurethanes; flame retardant; diethyl phosphate
水性聚氢酯的介质是水，这就使其拥有了不易燃烧、不爆、低毒、绿色环保等一系列优点，还能降低反应成本，因此近年来越来越得到了人们的关注-2]。水性聚氨酯的应用范围很广，主要应用于印染行业、皮革加工、涂料、胶粘剂等方面，这些行业都与防火安全有着密不可分的联系，因此，水性聚氨
酯的阻燃化是水性聚氨酯功能化的重要发展方向。根据阻燃剂在水性聚氨酯中的存在方式可将聚氨酯分为共混复配型（也称之为添加型）和反应型。目前共混复配型聚氨酯主要通过添加相关的助剂和特殊工艺，使水性聚氨酯乳液对阻燃成分进行吸附和包覆从而得到稳定的聚氨酯乳波。
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健康·安全·环境