第42卷第12期 2012年12月
涂料工业
PAINT & COATINGS INDUSTRY
硼酚醛改性阻燃水性聚氨酯的制备及表征
饶舟，王焕，干泉，黄毅萍，许戈文
（安徽大学化学化工学院，安徽省绿色高分子材料重点实验室，合肥230039）
Vol.42No.12
Dee.2012
摘要：以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、聚醛（N-210）、硼酚醛（FB）、1,4-丁二醇（BDO）、三羟甲基丙烷（TMP）、二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA)等为主要原料合成了一系列硼酚醛阻燃改性的水性聚氨酯。通过对样品进行红外、吸水率、拉伸、热分析（TGA）、极限氧指数（LOI）、微型燃烧量热（MCC）等测试，研究了硼酚醛的加人对水性聚氨酯乳液稳定性、耐水性、力学性能、热性能、阻燃性能的影响。测试结果表明：一定含量的硼酚醛的加人使得聚氨酯的耐水性、拉伸强度和硬度得到提高、热稳定性显著提高，热分解速率明显降低，残炭率显著增加。当硼酚醛含量占聚氨酯预聚体质量分数10%时，氧指数为29%，聚氨酯材料由易燃变为难燃。聚氨酯的阻燃性能得到很大提高，UL-94垂直燃烧测试结果显示，聚氨酯的阻燃性能已达到UL-94V-1级。
关键调：水性聚氨醋：硼酚醛：阻燃剂
中图分类号：TQ637.8
文献标识码：A
文章编号：02534312(2012)12-001105
Preparation and Characterization of Flame Retardant WaterbornePolyurethaneModified withBoronPhenolics
Rao Zhou, Wang Huan,Gan Quan,Huang Yiping,Xu Gewen
(The Key Laboratory of Enzironment Friendly Polymer Materials of Anhui Prorince, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Unieersity,lefei 23009,China)
Abstract: A range of flame retardant waterborne polyurethane emulsion modified by boron phenolic(FB), were synthesized with polyether diols (N 210), isophorone disocyanate (IPDI), boron phenolic(FB), 1,4 butanediol (BDO), trimethylolpropane (TMP), and dimethylol propionie acid (DMPA) as the basic monomers, The influence of the amount of FB on polyurethane (PU) emulsion stability, water re-sistance, mechanical property, thermal properties, and flame retardant properties was investigated by FT -IR, water absorption, tensile test, pendulum hardness test, thermal analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index(LOI), micro combustion calorimetry (MCC), and so on. The experiment results indicated that, with the reasonable addition of FB, both the water absorption and heat decomposition rate of polyurethane were re-duced, tensile strength, hardness and thermal stability were improved, while the carbon yield obviously in-creased. The LOI was 29% and UL 94 vertical burm test showed that the flame retardancy of polyurethane had reached UL -94V 1, when the mass fraction of FB was 10% in the prepolymer. Therefore, the flam-mable polyurethane material became nonflammable, and its flame - retardant performance was greatly im-proved.
Key Words: waterborme polyurethane; boron phenolic; flame retardant
水性聚氨酯作为一种绿色环保材料，广泛应用于纺织工业、木材加工、皮革涂饰、汽车行业等领域-，而涉及的领域都存在易燃的风险，如果水性聚氮酯具备一定的阻燃特性，就可以保护基材.降低材料表面燃烧速率基至燃烧自熄，能及时发现并防止大面积火灾的发生和扩大，从面保护人们的人身财产安全。所以，对水性聚氨酯进行阻燃化处理，让它更好地应用于各个领域，是水性聚氨酯材料功能化的发展方向之一，
也是未来高分子材料集多种功能于一体的趋势3]。传统高分子材料的阻燃处理常常使用含卤阻燃剂，由于含卤阻燃剂在燃烧过程中会放出使人室息基至死亡的有毒气体氧化氢、溴化氢等，故正逐步被环保型阻燃剂所取代(4)。在考虑环保性及安全性等要求下，硼系阻燃剂作为环保型阻燃剂的重要品种，已经引起人们的关注和重视，
本研究选用分子结构中含有硼元素（B）的反应型阻燃剂
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