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第41卷第11期 2011年11月
涂料工业
PAINT & COATINGS INDUSTRY
基于氨基磺酸盐与TDI的高固含量
聚氨分散体的合成与表征
庄晓莎，孙东成（华南理工大学化学与化工学院，广州510640）
Vol.41
No.11 Nov.2011
摘要：以自制的N-(2-氨基乙基）氨基乙磺酸钠（AAS-Na)为亲水单体,2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)作为主要硬段，采用丙酮法合成了固含量大约为50%的聚氨酯分散体(PUDs）。激光粒度分析表明PUDs胶粒平均粒径60~ 160nm，部分PUDs胶粒呈二元分布，Zeta电位处于-50～-65mV之间，黏度均小于200mPa·$。透射电镜(TEM）显示PUDs胶粒呈不同尺寸的不规则球形结构。DMA测试显示PUDs膜未见软硬段的相分离，玻璃化温度（T,）在-35。-20℃之间。电子拉力机测试结果表明伸长率为2000%的定伸强度大多处于5~10MPa之间，断裂伸长率均高于2000%。
关键词：N-(2-氨基乙基）氨基乙磺酸钠;2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯；高固含量；聚氨酯分散体
中图分类号：TQ630.4*3
文联标识码：A
文章编号02534312(2011)11001605
SynthesisandCharactenizationofHighSolidPolyurethane
DispersionBasedonAmino-sulfonateandTDI
Zhuang Xiaosha,Sun Dongcheng
(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,South China Unitersity of Technology, Guangshou 510640,China)
Abstract: Polyurethane dispersions (PUDs) about 50% solid content were synthesized by acetone process using 2,4 toluene disocyanate(TDI) as primary component in hard segment and ethylenediamine sodium sulphonate (AAS Na) as a new type of highly versatile hydrophilic chain extender. Results showed that the average particle sizes of PUDs were at 60 ~ 160 nm, particle size distribution (PSD) of some sam-ples was bimodal distribution, and the value of zeta potentials of PUDs was between 50 ~65 mV, which revealed an excellent stability of PUDs. Brookfield viscosity was lower than 200 mPa s. Transmission elec-tron microscope (TEM) analysis showed PUDs particles were spherical shapes with different sizes. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA) revealed that the films of PUDs with low T, were between - 35 ~ 20 °C , and PUDs films had good compatibility of soft and hard segment and no phase separation. The measure of tensile tests showed that the ultimate elongation of PUDs cast films was over 2 000% and the ten-sile strength was 5 ~ 10 MPa at the elongation of 2 000%.
Key Words : ethylenediamine sodium sulphonate; 2, 4 toluene disocyanate; high solid content; poly-urethanedispersion
高固含量聚氨酯分散体(PUDs)具有生产效率高，运输和贮存成本低，干燥速度快以及节能等优点，近年来引起了广泛的研究兴趣。高固含量PUDs合成研究采用的亲水单体一般为羧酸型，多异氰酸酯基本是低活性的脂肪族异氰酸酯]。
与脂肪族异氰酸酯相比，芳香族异氰酸酯价格低廉，但由于其活性高，不易控制，高固含量芳香型PUDs合成围难。目前，高固含量的芳香族型PUDs的研究鲜见报道。高固含量芳
香型PUDs应用于耐黄变要求不高的涂料、胶黏剂和制革等领域可以有效降低成本，具有广泛的应用前景[2-5]。
羧酸盐属弱酸弱碱盐，亲水能力差，亲水单体用量大，影响 PUDs的耐水性；水解产生羧酸会催化聚酯型PUDs降解，影响贮存的稳定性，胺类中和剂的使用限制了产品在食品包装等领域的应用‘-8)。采用磺酸盐型的亲水单体可以避免上述问题，且磺酸盐型PUDs与其他树脂、助剂、颜填料相容性好(9-m2)
【基金项日】广东省省部产学研项目（2010B090400080），广东省科技政关项目（2010B010800016） 16