第39卷(2017)第3期：结构与可靠性
柴油机 Diesel Engine
Vol. 39( 2017) No. 3
活塞组件接触分析流程自动化及接触面设计研究
董超，巫立民”，王一，李梅”，李佳”，崔毅"2
（1.上海交通大学动力机械及工程教育部重点实验室，上海200240：
2.高新船舶与深海开发装备协同创新中心，上海200240；3.七一一研究所，上海201108）
摘要：基于活塞销与活塞销座表面型线几何型线及喇度的差异，在热载荷与机械载荷的作用下发生不协调形变，产生较大的局部接触应力，采用有限元法对某型船用柴油机活塞销孔结合面型线进行优化设计。通过对原活塞模型进行分析并与静载试验结采对比，找出应力集中位置；采用有限元软件和自行开发程序，实现活塞销-孔接触副型面的自动优化设计；最终从优化结采中选取最佳优化方案。优化后，活塞销孔型面应力集中显著降低，接触型面上最大Mises应力下降55.5%。
关键词：船用柴油机；活塞组件；型线；应力集中中图分类号：TK423.3+32
文章编号：10014357(2017)03001505
文献标识码：A
Automation of Contact Analysis Process and Research on Design of
ContactSurfacesinPistonComponents
Dong Chao', Wu Limin', Wang Yi', Li Mei', Li Jia', Cui Yi'.2
(1. Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University,
Shanghai 200240; 2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration,
Shanghai 200240; 3. Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute, Shanghai 201108)
Abstract : Due to the differences of the geometric profile and stiffness between the piston pin and the piston pin seat surface, there will be uncoordinated deformation under the action of thermal and mechanical load, which might produce high local contact stress. To solve this problem, FEA method was used to carry out optimum design on the piston pin-hole contact surface profile of a marine diesel engine. The original piston model was analyzed, and the results were compared with the static load test to find out the stress concentra-tion position. By using commercial finite element software and the self-developed program, the automatic optimization design of the contact surface profile of piston pin-hole was realized. The best optimal scheme was selected based on the optimization results. After optimization, the stress at the contact surface of piston
pin-hole was reduced remarkably , and the biggest Mises stress was reduced by 55.5% . Key words : marine diesel engine; piston component; profile; stress concentration
0引言
柴油机因其效率高、功率相对较大等一系列优点，成为应用最为广泛的动力装置之一。柴油机活塞销与销孔接触副是活塞运动副中的一对重要接触副，由于活塞销与活塞销座表面几何型线以及
刚度的差异，在热载荷与机械载荷的共同作用下会发生不协调形变，产生较大的局部接触应力[25]，降低活塞组件的运行寿命
销孔结合面型线一般采用椭圆形、锥形、双侧圆锥形等[5.8]。其中，锥形异形销孔结构简单且容易加工，对活塞销孔棱缘的应力均勾分布改善效果
收稿日期：2016-10-11
作者简介：董超（1990-），男，硕士生，主要研究方向为内燃机结构设计与优化，E-mail：delwh007@163.com