
第39卷(2017)第6期工艺与材料
柴油机 Diesel Engine
Vol.39(2017)No.6
曲轴疲劳机理分析与圆角喷丸工艺技术研究
董云庆,岳文,张巧丽,陆寅松(七一一研究所,上海201108)
摘要:曲轴过渡圆角为应力集中处,在制造工艺过程中其表面会产生残余拉应力,对疲劳强度极为不利。根据材料裂纹的微观机理,对曲轴过渡圆角表面裂纹原因进行分析,在此基础上采用喷丸工艺对圆角进行强化。试验验证表明:喷九强化能够使圆角表面形成残余压应力,提高曲轴的疲劳强度。并指出:目前喷九工艺参数通过经验得到,须进一步研究更适合的喷九强度,以及喷丸所形
成的表面残余压应力和深度对曲轴疲劳强度的影响。关键词:曲轴;过渡圆角;喷九工艺;疲劳强度
中图分类号:TK426
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1001=4357(2017)06=0043=04
AnlysisofCrankshaftFatigueMechanismandResearchon
ShotPeeningTechnologyof TransitionFillet Dong Yunqing,YueWen,Zhang Qiaoli,LuYinsong
(Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute, Shanghai 201108)
Abstract: There is a large stress concentration in the transition fillet, and during processing, residual tensile stress may generate on its surface, which has very bad effect on the fatigue strength of the crank-shaft. According to the microscopic mechanism of crankshaft fatigue, the causes of the cracks occurred in the surface of the transition fillet was analyzed, and the transition fllet was strengthened by the shot pee ning process. Experimental results show that the existing shot peening parameters were set through experi ences, and more rational shot peening strength should be studied, as well as the influence of surface re sidual tensile stress and depth on the fatigue strength of crankshaft.
Key words: crankshaft; transition fillet ; shot peening; fatigue strength
0引言
曲轴是柴油机的关键零部件,曲轴过渡圆角是应力集中处。在曲轴制造工艺过程中,中频淬火和表面切削等处理不可避免的使其表面产生残余拉应力,对曲轴的疲劳强度有很大影响。并且船用柴油机曲轴要求服役寿命长,对曲轴的疲劳强度提出了更高的要求。国外MAN、Wartsila等船用柴油机公同,在进行曲轴研制时,都要对曲轴单拐样件进行弯曲疲劳试验,以测试曲轴的最小疲劳强度。在某型船用柴油机设计开发时,同样制定了曲轴单拐疲
劳试验。为了提高单拐疲劳强度,对曲轴做喷丸强化处理。
1
材料裂纹形成微观机理
在交变载荷作用下,在材料表面或者次表面上
某些晶体取向合适的薄弱晶粒中,位错源首先开动并不断发生位错,当位错源运动到晶界、亚晶界夹杂物或者次级相,会因受阻而形成位错的塞积群,并产生应力集中现象。当应力达到大于相邻晶粒的微观屈服点时,发生应力松弛现象,位错得以继续发生,由此形成先屈服小区PYR(Pre-YieldRe
收稿日期:2017-04-20;修回日期:2017-05-26
作者简介:董云庆(1992-),男,硕士,主要研究方向为荣油机制造技术,E-mail:bsydyq@sina.com。