
第43卷第1期 Vol. 43No.1
饭压技术
FORGING & STAMPING TECHNOLOGY
铝合金汽车支架热锻缺陷分析及模优化
吕弘毅,龚红英,缪军,张杰(上海工程技术大学材料工程学院,上海201620)
2018年1月 Jan.2018
摘要:为消除铝合金汽车发动机支架在热锻过程中所产生的折叠、充不满、起皮、表层剥离等各种缺陷,基于Deform-3D对 6061铝合金汽车支架热锻成形过程进行了有限元模拟,发现缺陷产生的原因为预银成形过程中金属流线豪乱、金属流动速度不均以及拐角处有多股金属汇流。针对缺陷产生的原因,提出了3种模具优化方案并分别进行模拟,对比分析了3种方案的锻造缺陷、金属充型效果和锻造载荷。结果表明,方案2和方案3成形结果良好,但相比方案2而言,方案3不需要改变预
锻模具,故减少了加工成本且方案3的锻造载荷比方案2小1970kN。
所以,
量的生产验证,其生产结果与模拟结果相一致,
关键词:6061铝合金;汽车发动机支架;热锻缺陷;模具优化;Defomm-3D DOI: 10. 13330/j. issn. 1000-3940. 2018. 01. 020
文献标识码:A
中图分类号:TG319
确认方案3为最优方案,并在压力机上进行小批
文章编号:1000-3940(2018)01-0117-07
Analysis on hot forging defects of aluminum alloy automobile
brackets and mould optimization Lyu Hongyi, Gong Hongying, Miao Jun, Zhang Jie
( College of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Secience, Shanghai 201620, China)
Abstract : In order to eliminate defects of folding, insufficient flling, peeling, skin peel off produced in the hot forging process of alumi num alloy automobile engine brackets, the hot forging proxcess of aluminum alloy 6061 for automobile brackets was numerically simulated by Deform-3D, and the reasons of defects were disturbances of metal flow lines, unsteady metal flow rates and multiple metal confluence at comers during the pre-forging process. According to the above reasons of defects, three kinds of molud optimization schemes were pro posed and simulated separately, and the forging defects, metal flling effect and forging load were compared. The results show that the foming results of scheme 2 and scheme 3 are both good. However, compared with scheme 2, scheme 3 does not need to change the pre-forging mould to reduce the processing cost, and the forging load of scheme 3 is 1970 kN less than that of scheme 2. Therefore, scheme 3 is regarded as the best. Furthermore, the small batch production was produced on the press, and the production results and simulation results were consistent.
Key words : aluminum alloy 6061 ; automobile engine bracket; hot forging defects; mould optimization ; Defom-3D
汽车发动机为汽车的驱动提供动力并产生能量转换,而发动机支架则是起到固定发动机并使其能够保持正常运行的部件,它支撑着发动机的重量。因此,发动机支架在整个汽车内部结构中扮演着相
收稿日期:20170710;修订日期:20170925
基金项目:2017年上海市研究生课程建设项目(A1-8944-17 0303);“基于材料科孕与工程一级学科的研究生课程建设校企合作项目(157CL-027;177CL-001)
作者简介:吕弘毅(1989-),男,额土研究生 E-mail: Ivhongyi89@ sina coer
通讯作者:黄红英(1974-),女,工学博士,硕土生导师,教授万方数据il;ghyw1974@163.com
当重要的角色。当前汽车内部很多零件都是通过锻造进行加工,与其他金属塑性成形工艺一样,锻造能使材料组织致密、晶粒细小而无内部空洞,它具有一个最独特的优点,就是能够产生连续的金属流线,从而可以保证金属的强度和韧性1-3]。而热锻成形,因其高温能改善金属的塑性,降低锻压时金属的变形抗力及强度,使零件不易开裂,并降低所需锻压机械的吨位,现被很多企业所接受[6]。铝合金热锻件具有强度高、质量轻的优点,与铸件相比,具有更高的材料可靠性。并且,铝锻件在飞机、车辆、船舶的轻量化、生产效率和节能方面都起到重要作用。但铝合金锻件在成形过程中由于加工工艺不当会引起填充不满、折叠、破裂等缺陷,因此,
模具栏目是由熊杰汉金(沧州)精密模具有限公司oRGWN /DIUET费助刊出