
第42卷第11期 Vol. 42No. 11
压技术银
FORGING & STAMPING TECHNOLOGY
继电器触点冷成形过程的有限元分析
王金龙
(厦门金波贵金属制品有限公司,福建厦门361021)
2017年11月 Nov.2017
摘要:研究了AgSnO,类材料单体触点在锻制过程中的开裂间题,并将银丝材料拉伸试验曲线转化成真应力、应变数据,拟合得到银丝材料流变应力数学模型。应用有限元方法,模拟了银单体触点的冷微成形过程,得到了冷锻成形过程中的等效应变,应力分布情况。研究结果表明,拉应力越靠近外层越大,而径向压应力则越靠近外层越小,变形物体的单位压力从外向内逐新增大,因此,触点最大直径处为易开裂位置。此外,准确预测了成形过程中材料产生裂纹缺陷的位置及裂纹程度,当变形
裂纹开始形成,Damage值随变形程度的增加面上升。通过试验,对开裂模拟结果进行了验证,模拟
达到材料Damage值时,结果与试验明合较好
关键词:继电器;银丝材料;银单体触点;冷锁成形;有限元;裂纹 DOI: 10. 13330/j. issn. 1000-3940. 2017. 11. 002
中图分类号:TG38
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1000-3940(2017)11-0006-06
Finiteelementanalysisoncoldupsettingprocessforrelaycontact
Wang Jinlong
(Xiamen Jinbo Noble Metal Products Co. , Ltd. , Xiamen 361021, China)
Abstract : The crack of AgSnO, single contact in the cold upsetting process was studied, and the flow stress mathematical model of silver wire material was fit by converting the tensile test curves of silver wire material into true stress-strain data. Then, the cold upsetting process of the AgSnO, single contact was simulated by the finite element method, and the distributions of equivalent stress and strain dur-ing the cold upsetting process were gained. The results show that the bigger the tensile stress is eloser to the outer layer, and the smaller the radial compressive stress is closer to the outer layer. Furthermore, the unit pressure of the defomed object increases gradually from the outside to the inside, so the position of the maximum diameter of contact is easy to crack. In addition, the position and extent of crack are predicted accurately. Thus, the crack begins to form when the deformation reaches the material Damage value, which increa-ses with the increasing of the deformation degree. Finally, the simulated results are verified by experiments, which are in good agree-ment with the test results.
Key words: relay ; silver wire material; silver single contact; cold upsetting; finite element; crack
触点是继电器的关键部件,主要承担着接通、断开、导流、隔离电流的工作,其性能的好坏直接影响继电器的可靠性、稳定性和使用寿命[1-2]。目前,Ag基材料是继电器触点中应用最广的材料,主要有Ag,AgNi,AgCdO,AgSnO,等系列产品[3-5] 其中,AgSnO,类材料具有优良的抗电弧侵蚀性、耐磨损性、开关运行特性和更好的抗熔焊性,成为最有希望替代AgCdO的触点材料[6]。而AgSnO,类材料虽然强度高、硬度高,但塑性差、加工性能差,
收稿日期:20170601;修订日期:20170812 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(51471027)作者筒介:王金龙(1978-),男,博土,高级工程师
万方轰据ail:wangijloeng78@126.com
严重影响了该材料的广泛应用(-")。目前,冷镦成形是制备铆钉型触点的主要工艺,在冷锻过程中,材料承受大而复杂的变形,塑性较差的材料往往在冷徽成形时会出现开裂现象[9-10],导致残次品增
给生产带来很大损失。银开裂问题的产生与材
加,
料本身性能以及加工条件有关[1-12],为避免缺陷产生,对可能发生的缺陷进行预测是一种有效的方法[13]。因此,通过计算机数值模拟技术,预测冷镦成形过程中的开裂缺陷,可以为触点设计和工艺优化提供参考。
材料数学物理模型 1
通常,材料流变应力数学模型满足式(1):