第42卷第10期 Vol. 42No. 10
锻造
假压技术
FORGING & STAMPING TECHNOLOGY
堆焊双金属冷粗过程中的变形行为
惠有科，王华君，谢冰，陈稳（武汉理工大学材料科学与工程学院，湖北武汉430070）
2017年10月 Oet.2017
摘要：借助冷锻粗实验研究堆焊双金属在大塑性变形下的变形行为，进而探索堆焊双金属坏料锻造成形的可行性。首先使用等离子弧喷焊技术制备双金属坏料，测定堆焊双金属熔覆层区域的显微硬度，认知堆焊双金属材料的界面特性；随后分析冷缴粗过程中堆焊双金属试样的变形与破坏方式。结果表明：堆焊双金属的显微硬度最薄弱区域出现在熔合线附近，熔覆层区域整体硬度远高于基体硬度；冷辙粗过程中，堆焊双金属基体区域率先发生塑性变形，熔覆层抵抗变形的能力高于基体；压缩到一定阶段，熔覆层底部区域也会发生塑性变形，熔覆层区域具有进行塑性变形的潜力。
关键词：堆焊双金属；等离子弧喷焊；冷锻粗；熔覆层；显微硬度 DOI: 10. 13330/j. issn. 1000-3940. 2017. 10. 001
中图分类号：TG316
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-3940（2017）10-0001-04
Deformationbehaviorofsurfacingweldingbimetalin
cold upsetting process
Hui Youke, Wang Huajun, Xie Bing, Chen Wen
(School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China)
Abstract : The defomation behavior of surfacing welding bimetal under large plastic deformation was studied by the cold upsetting experi-ment, and the feasibility of forging surfacing welding bimetal was explored. Firstly, the bimetal billet was prepared by PTA spray welding and the microhardness near the cladding layer of surfacing welding bimetal was measured to estimate the interfacial properties of surfacing welding bimetal. Then, the deformation and failure mode of surfacing welding bimetal in the cold upsetting process were investigated. The results show that the weakest microhardness region of surfacing welding bimetal appears near the fusion line, and the microhardness of cladding layer is much higher than that of substrate. Furthermore, in the cold upsetting process, the plastic deformation firstly occurs in the substrate region of surfacing welding bimetal, and the ability of cladding layer resisting deformation is higher than that of substrate. Therefore, when compression is up to a certain stage, the plastic deformation occurs at the bottom of the cladding layer, and the cladding layer region has the potential for plastic deformation.
Key words: surfacing welding bimetal; PTA spray welding; cold upsetting; cladding layer; microhardness
在石油化工、航空航天及热作模具等领域，服役环境的苛刻对金属零件的耐蚀性、耐冲击、耐热、耐磨等性能提出了新的要求，而均质金属零件难以实现性能和经济两者间的平衡，往往顾此失彼，这促使相关研究者开始探索双金属零件的制备工艺[1-2]。双金属零件制备的基本思想是将两种异质
收稿日期：2017-04-10；修订日期：201706-30 基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（51475346）
作者简介：惠有科（1991-），男，硕土研究生 E-mail: youkeh@ 126. com
通讯作者：王华君（1970－），男，博土，副教投 E-mail: wanghuajunhb@ 163. com
金属材料合理结合制备零件，使零件不同区域具备不同的性能。这种制备工艺能够发挥两种金属材料的性能优点，弱化其各自的性能弱点，能够用更优的性能和较低的经济成本代替原有均质零件(3)。目前，双金属零件的制备手段有摩擦焊接、冶金复合、挤压、锻造等[4-]]。
在双金属锻造工艺研究过程中，所用双金属坏料主要为组合式双金属材料，其构成为圆柱体材料充当芯材，另一种环形材料套在圆柱体外侧面，两者间的结合形式为机械结合。PolitisDJ与LinJG等[8]研究了组合式双金属坏料齿轮锻造过程中的材料流动和影响双金属齿轮成形质量的因素，验证了采用锻造工艺制造双金属齿轮的可行性；MisirliC等[9]研究了组合