
第42卷第9期 Vol. 42No.9
压技术假
FORGING & STAMPING TECHNOLOGY
基于响应曲面法的预成形模具优化设计
张子伟,马新武
(山东大学材料科学与工程学院,山东济南250061)
2017年9月 Sep-2017
摘要:采用响应曲面法对预成形模具形状进行了优化设计,以终锻件能够完全充满型腔且飞边最小为优化目标,建立了数学建模。以工字型锻件为例,设计出了直线、因恶和曲线3种预锻模形状,提取了直线的角度、圆恶的半径、四次曲线的拐点位置为设计变量。以Deform2D为有限元模拟软件,对每种预锻模形状进行锻造过程模拟,根据模拟出的实验数据求得目标两数值。用曲线拟合软件1st0pt对形状设计变量和目标函数值之间的相互关系进行曲线拟合,得到相应的曲线方程,并对曲线方程求最优解,从而获得最佳角度为41°,最佳半径为109.1mm,最售拐点位置为0.3。通过对3种最优预锻模形状的比较,得出四次曲线型预锻模为最佳预模形状。
关键词:锻造;Deform2D;数值模拟;预成形模具;响应曲面法 DOI: 10. 13330/j. issn. 1000-3940, 2017. 09, 024
中图分类号:TG316
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1000-3940(2017)09-0129-06
Preforming die optimization design based on response surface methodology
Zhang Ziwei,Ma Xinwu
( School of Material Seience and Engineering, Shandong University , Ji'nan 250061, China)
Abstract : The shape of prefoming die was optimized by response surface method, and a mathematic model was established with the opti-ap uuojard jo sades a *suaroy pode 1 aoy uaog paqsg aog se nuu a pe aea a Sug y jo [eo8 uogezu with straight line, arc and curve were designed respectively, and angles of the straight line, radius of arc, and the locations of inflection point of four curves were extracted as the design variables. Then, the forging process with three different preforming dies was simulated by finite element software Deform 2D, and the value of objective funection could be obtained based on the calculated data. Furthermore, the relationship between design value and objective function was fit by the curilinear fitting sofhware 1st Opt, and the eurvilinear fiting epua-tion was confirmed. Finally, the optimal solutions of the equation with the optimal angle (41°), optimal radius (109. 1 mm) and optimal turning point position (0. 3) were obtained. By comparing three optimal shapes of preforming die, Quartic curve type is the best one. Key words : die; Deform 2D; numerical simulation; preforming die; response surface method
锻造生产中,对形状复杂的零件进行加工,一般要经过多道变形工步,先进行预锻,再进行终锻。预锻成形使零件先接近最终成形形状,起到了“承上启下”的作用。而对锻件的预成形形状进行优化设计有助于减少材料浪费、改善锻件内部组织、简化后续加工、减少模具磨损和降低加工能耗等
近年来,大量数值模拟技术和优化方法被应用于金属塑性成形优化设计中[1-2],并取得了一定进收稿日期:20170622;修订日期:20170815
基金项目:华中科技大学模具国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(20140101)
作者筒介:张子伟(1986-),男,颈土,讲师 E-mail; 41872293@ qq com
通讯作者:马新武(1975-),男,博士,副教授万方数据ail:maxinwu@ sdu.edu.en
展。樊黎霞等(3]利用刚塑性有限元模拟软件Abaqus 正向模拟身管膛线精密锻压成形过程,为实际锻压加工提供了工艺参数选择的依据。高涛等[4]对钛合金单样头叶片的精锻过程进行了有限元三维反向模拟,最终获得了形状符合要求且变形均勾的预成形毛坏。管婧等3]采用灵敏度分析的方法,通过B样条曲线拟合对锻造的预成形形状进行了设计,以达到优化锻件微观组织的目的。刘华等[6]采用有限元法和遗传算法对板料的冲压成形进行优化设计。部勇等[7-8]采用拓扑优化方法对锻造预成形形状进行了优化设计
以上各种优化方法多需要模拟程序的嵌人和开发,应用中具有一定的局限性,不够灵活。本文将采用响应曲面法对锻造的预成形形状进行优化设计。为避免出现优化后预锻件形状复杂、预锻模难以加