第5期 2016年5月
组合机床与自动化加工技术
ModularMachineTool&AutomaticManufacturingTechnique
文章编号：10012265(2016)05000405
D0I:10.13462/j.cnki.mmtamt.2016.05.002
基于灵敏度分析的车门尺寸和拓扑优化
胡启国，邓维敏，罗天洪
（重庆交通大学机电与汽车工程学院，重庆400074）
No.5 May2016
摘要：为了改善微型车X30的车门在使用过程中振动过大这一问题，利用Hypermesh建立该车车门的有限元模型，并对其进行模态分析。分析结果发现车门的一阶频率偏低，容易与白车身一阶弯曲频率发生共振。因此，基于灵敏度分析方法结合尺寸优化和拓扑优化方法对车门进行以提升车门一阶模态频率为目标的优化设计。首先，对车门各零部件进行质量灵敏度和一阶模态频率灵敏度分析，并定义相对灵敏度值；然后，根据相对灵敏度值结果选择合适的设计变量进行部件厚度的尺寸优化设计；最后，基于变密度法对相对灵敏值最大的部件进行拓扑优化，根据优化结果对该部件有限元模型进行修改。结果表明，在车门质量减少4.5%的情况下，车门一阶模态频率提高8.9%，有效地改善了车门的振动情况。
关键词：车门：模态分析灵敏度分析：尺寸优化；拓扑优化
中图分类号：TH162；TG506
文献标识码：A
Sizeand Topology Optimization of Car Door Based on Sensitivity Analysis
HU Qi-guo,DENG Wei-min,LUO Tian-hong
( College of Mechatroics and Automobile Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University , Chongqing 400074, Chi-na)
Abstract : In order to improve the vibration problem of the micro car X30 in the using process, the finite el-ement model of the door was built in Hypermesh and modal analysis was carried on the door. The analysis results showed that the first-order frequency of the door was low, which would easily resonate with first-or-der bending of the body. So, on the basis of the sensitivity analysis method combined with size optimization and topology optimization method to improve the first-order modal frequency of the door. First, the mass sensitivity and first order modal frequency sensitivity analysis were carried on the parts of the door, and de-fined the relative sensitivity values of every part. Then according to the relative sensitivity value to select ap-propriate components as the design variables of the size optimization design. Finally, the topology optimiza-tion that based on variable density method was used on one of the part of the door, which had the highest relative value. According to the result to modify the finite element model of the component. The results showed that under the premise of door quality decrease by 4. 5 % ,the first order modal frequency of the door was increased 8. 9% . This method effectively improves the vibration performance of the door.
Key words : vehicle door; modal analysis; sensitivity analysis; size optimization; topology optimization
引言 0
车门是车身上一个重要的覆盖件，主要由壳体、附件及内饰板等组成。其中，壳体主要是由外板和内板等部件通过粘胶、焊接、包边等工艺连接而成1。汽车在行驶过程中会受到各种外界激励的影响，如果车门与某一频率发生共振，就可能会对车门自身结构产生影响。基于此，本文以微型车车门为研究对象，首先对其进行模态分析，然后通过灵敏度分析选择合适的设
收稿日期：2015-06-10
*基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（51275537）
计变量进行尺寸和拓扑的双重优化，从而改善车门的-阶频率，为车门轻量化及车门动态特性研究提供一定的参考。
1车门有限元模型的建立 1.1模型的导入和清理
将原始的车门CATIA模型通过Iges格式导入Hy permesh中[2]。注意观察模型是否合理,对于常出现的比如缺面、多余曲面、缝隙等错误进行修改。然后对三
作者简介：胡启国（1967一），男，重庆人，重庆交通大学教授，博士，研究方向为振动与噪声，机械可靠性，（E-mail）swpihqg@163.com。